TA CÓ A = A AN N 1−...A A1 0 = AN.10N + AN-1.10N-1 + ...+ A1...

Bài 4. Ta có a =

a a

n

n 1

...a a

1 0

= a

n

.10

n

+ a

n-1

.10

n-1

+ ...+ a

1

.10 + a

0

. a) Ta có 10 ≡ 1(mod 3) do đó a

i

. 10

i

≡ a

i

(mod 3) , i = 1; 2; 3; ...; n Do đó a

n

.10

n

+ a

n-1

.10

n-1

+ ...+ a

1

.10 + a

0

≡ (a

n

+ a

n-1

+ ...+ a

1

+ a

0

) (mod 3) Vậy a  3 ⇔ a

n

+ a

n-1

+ ...+ a

1

+ a

0

≡ 0 (mod 3) ⇔ a

n

+ a

n-1

+ ...+ a

1

+ a

0

 3. b) Ta có 10

2

= 100 ≡ 0 (mod 4) ⇒ a

i

. 10

i

≡ 0 (mod 4) , i = 2; 3; ...; n ⇒ a

n

.10

n

+ a

n-1

.10

n-1

+ ...+ a

1

.10 + a

0

≡ (a

1

.10 + a

0

) (mod 4) Vậy a  4 ⇔ a

1

. 10 + a

0

≡ 0 (mod 4) ⇔

a a

1 0

 4.