ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ (RELATIVE CLAUSES)A. WHO

1. Đại từ quan hệ (Relative Clauses)a. WHO: thay thế cho người, làm chủ từ trong MĐQH. Ex: - I need to meet the boy. The boy is my friend’s son. à I need to meet the boy who is my friend’s son. - The woman is standing over there. She is my sister. àThe woman who is standing over there is my sister.b. WHO/ WHOM: thay thế cho người, làm túc từ trong MĐQH. Ex:- I know the girl. I spoke to this girl. à I know the girl who/ whom I spoke to . - The man is my teacher. Your father is talking to him. à The man who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher.c. WHICH: - thay thế đồ vật, làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH. Ex: - She works for a company. It makes cars à She works for a company which makes cars . - The elephants are big. People keep the elephants in iron cages. à The elephants which people keep in iron cages are big. - Thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó Ex: He passed his exam. This pleased his parents.He passed his exam, which pleased his parents . (dùng dấu phẩy trước đại từ quan hệ)d. THAT: thay thế cho WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH trong MĐQH hạn định Ex: - I need to meet the boy that/ who is my friend’s son. - The woman that/ who is standing over there is my sister. - I know the girl that/ who/ whom I spoke to . - The man that/ who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher. - She works for a company that/ which makes cars . - The elephants that/ which people keep in iron cages are big.* Những trường hợp thường dùng THAT:- Sau cụm từ quan hệ vừa chỉ người và vật: Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London. - Sau đại từ bất định: something, aynyone, nobody, all, much .... Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting. All that is mine is yours. - Sau các tính từ so sánh nhất, only, first, last Ex: - This is the most beautiful dress that I have. - You are the only person that can help us. - Trong cấu trúc It + be + … + that … (chính là …) Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence. (Chính là bạn tôi đã viết câu này.) * Những trường hợp không dùng THAT: - Trong mệnh đề tính từ không xác định. Ex: Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher. - Sau giới từ Ex: The house in that I was born is for sale.e. WHOSE (OF WHICH): thay thế cho sở hữu của người, vật (his-, her-, its-, their-). Ex: - John found the cat. Its leg was broken. à John found the cat whose leg /(the leg of which) was broken. - This is the student. I borrowed his book. àThis is the student whose book I borrowed .f. OF WHICH / OF WHOM: Ex: - Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers. à Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers. - He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them. à He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer.g. Giới từ đặt trước mệnh đề tính ngữ: (WHOM/WHICH) Ex: - The man speaks English very fast. I talked to him last night. à The man to whom I talked last night speaks English very fast. - The house is for sale. I was born in it. à The house in which I was born is for sale. * LƯU Ý: KHÔNG dùng THAT sau giới từ.