2.4. Previous studies on face validity
assessments of their academic progress and
performance at mid-semester. Furthermore,
Some previous studies in language testing
the faculty evaluation questionnaire was
have already been conducted in an attempt to
given to 55 staff members to get the opinions
analyze the different aspects of test validation.
about students’ English proficiency, academic
McNamara (2000) points out that insights from
performance in the course, and the extent to
such analysis provide invaluable contribution
which students’ level of proficiency caught
to defining the validity of language tests.
up with their performance in the academic
Exploring how other researchers have
course. Interviews with 20 students and 10
investigated the face validity of a language
faculty members during their office hours were
test can shed light on the process followed in
conducted individually. The results showed
this research.
the ESLPT did not correlate considerably
To begin with, Kucuk (2007) examined the
with faculty members’ ratings of performance
face validity of a test administered at Zonguldak
in content courses (r=.14). The findings
Karaelmas University Preparatory School, in
indicated that international graduate students’
Turkey. 52 students and 29 English instructors
English difficulties had less effect on students’
participated in this study. The researchers
academic performance than was expected,
used two questionnaires and students’ test
because of such other factors as sufficient
scores. The instructors and students were given
background knowledge and lecture type
questionnaires to ask for the representative of
courses during their first-semester studies.
the course contents on the achievement tests.
A study was conducted by Şeyma (2013)
All data were analyzed through Pearson Product
investigating how well various assessment
Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression.
practices (placement test, midterms, quizzes,
The results showed that even though it
and readers) of the preparatory year English
appeared that Listening was not represented on
program in the Department of Foreign
the test, both English instructors and students
Languages predict the success of students for
still agreed that the tests still possessed a high
TOEFL ITPat TOBB University of Economic
degree of face validity. The results showed
and Technology (TOBB ETU). The researcher
that the tests administered at Zonguldak
used a questionnaire to investigate both the
Karaelmas University Preparatory School,
instructors’ and students’ opinion on the
in Turkey were considered valid and the test
effectiveness of these assessment practices
scores could be employed to predict students’
on TOEFL ITP and the scores of 337 students
future achievement in their department English
to find out the relationship between in-house
courses.
assessment practices and TOEFL ITP. All
Another research on face validity goes
data was analyzed through Pearson Product
for Lee and Greene (2007) who explored the
Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression.
The result revealed that students believed that
importantly, it will contribute useful insights
mid-term exams were the most effective and
to English language teaching and learning,
especially in-house English test validation
beneficial assessment practice which helps
and prevent the mismatch between learners’
students get higher scores from TOEFL ITP.
true performance and their test scores.
Whereas, lecturers believed that quizzes were
more effective for students’ success in TOEFL
• It helps test designers and educational
ITP test.
decision makers to check to what extent the
course content can be adequately represented
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