THAY ĐỔI TỪ CHỈ ĐỊNH, CÁC TRẠNG TỪ VÀ CỤM TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN VÀ NƠI CHỐN

4. Thay đổi từ chỉ định, các trạng từ và cụm từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECHThis that These thoseNow then, at that time, immediatelyHere thereToday that dayAgo beforeYesterday the day before, the previous dayTomorrow the next day, the following day, the day afterthis year / month / week that year / month / week last night / year / month / week the night / year / month / week before;the previous night / year / month / week. next year / month / week the year / month / week after; the following year / month / week.a year / month / week ago a year / month / week before; a year / month / week earlierThe day before yesterday Two days beforeThe day after tomorrow Two days afterTonight That nightEx: He said, “I am working hard today.” He said that he was working hard that day.They said, “We went to work late yesterday.”They said that they had gone to work late the day before.Tóm tắt Câu gián tiếp* S + said + (that) + S + VStatements* S + told + O + (that) + S + V(Câu phát biểu)He said, “I have just bought a computer today.”He said that he had just bought a computer that day.Linda said, “There is someone at the door, Bill.”Linda told Bill that there was someone at the door.Commands* S + told/asked + O + to V

(inf)

(Câu mệnh lệnh)* S + told /asked+ O + not + to V

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Dick said to Jim: “Please open the window.”  Dick told Jim to open the window.Mother said, “Tim, go to bed early.”  Mother told Tim to go to bed early.Father said to Liz: “Don’t come home late.”  Father told Liz not tocome home late.Mary angrily said: “Never smoke in my room.”  Mary told us not to smoke in her room.“Would you turn on the radio, please?” She asked.  She asked me to turn on the radio.“Could you lend me some money, please?” He asked.He asked me to lend him some money.* S + asked + (O) + wh-… + S + VWh-questions(Câu hỏi nội dung)* S + wondered + wh-… + S + V* S + wanted to know + wh-… + S + VHe said to them, “Where are you going?”- He asked them where they were going.The teacher said, “When do you do your homework,Tom?”- The teacher asked Tom when he did his homework.The tourist said to me, “How often does the train get in?”- The tourist asked me how often the train got in.* S + asked + (O) + if / whether + S + VYes-no questions* S + wondered + if /whether + S + V(Câu hỏi có không)* S + wanted to know + if / whether + S + VHe said to me, “Are you from Canada?”- He asked me if/whether I was from Canada.The man said to her, “Did Bill tell you my address?”- The man asked her if/whether Bill had told her hisaddress.The girl said, “Do you live near here, David?”- She asked David if/whether he lived near there.* CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT:I. REPORTED QUESTIONS WITH QUESTION WORDS BEFORE TO-INF: (Tường thuật câu hỏi với các từ để hỏi đứng trước to-inf)- Dạng tường thuật này thường đi kèm với các động từ: ASK, WONDER, (NOT) BE SURE, HAVE NOIDEA (KHÔNG BIẾT), (NOT) KNOW, (NOT) DECIDE, (NOT) TELL. WH-QUESTIONS: S + Verb (ask, wonder,..) + (O) + Wh-question + to-inf*Ngoại trừ WHY không thể đi kèm với to-infEx: “What should I do” she said  She wondered what to do.We don’t know who we should contact  We don’t know who to contactI have no idea where I can get this information  I have no idea where to get this information YES-NO QUESTIONS: S + verb (ask, wonder,..) + (O) + WHETHER + To-inf* Dạng này không thể dùng với IFEx: “Should I tell my parents what I really think?” She wondered She wondered whether to tell her parents what she really thought.II. CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU LÀ TO-INFINITIVE