READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE AND MARK THE LETTER A, B, C, OR D ON...

Câu 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet toindicate the correct answer to each of the questions. The hard, rigid plates that form the outermost portion of the Earth are about 100 kilometers thick.These plates include both the Earth’s crust and the upper mantle. The rocks of the crust are composedmostly of minerals with light elements, like aluminum and sodium, while the mantle contains some heavierelements, like iron and magnesium. Together, the crust and upper mantle that form the surface plates arecalled the lithosphere. This rigid layer floats on the denser material of the lower mantle the way a wooden raftfloats on a pond. The plates are supported by a weak, plastic layer of the lower mantle called theasthenosphere. Also like a raft on a pond, the lithospheric plates are carried along by the slow currents in thismore fluid layer beneath them.With an understanding of plate tectonics, geologists have put together a new history for the Earth’ssurface. About 200 million years ago, the plates at the Earth’s surface formed a “supercontinent” calledPangaea. When this supercontinent started to tear apart because of plate movement, Pangaea first broke intotwo large continental masses with a newly formed sea that grew between the land areas as the depressionfilled with water. The southern one - which included the modern continents of South America, Africa,Australia and Antarctica - is called Gondwanaland. The northern one - with North America, Europe andAsia - is called Laurasia, North America tore away from Europe about 180 million years ago, forming thenorthern Atlantic Ocean.Some of the lithospheric plates carry ocean floor and others carry land masses or a combination of thetwo types. The movement of the lithospheric plates is responsible for earthquakes, volcanoes, and theEarth’s largest mountain ranges. Current understanding of the interaction between different plates explainswhy these occur where they do. For example, the edge of the Pacific Ocean has been called the “Ring ofFire” because so many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes happen there. Before the 1960’s, geologistscould not explain why active volcanoes and strong earthquakes were concentrated in that region. The theoryof plate tectonics gave them an answer.Question 1: With which of the following is the passage mainly concerned?'A. The contributions of the theory of plate tectonics to geological knowledgeB. The mineral composition of the Earth’s crustC. The methods used by scientists to measure plate movementD. The methods used by scientists to measure earthquakes and volcanoesQuestion 2: As used in line 3, “are composed of’ mean A. consist of B. constituteC. made on of D. compromisedQuestion 3: The word “one” as used in the third paragraph refers to__________A. masses B. ocean floorC. sea D. depressionQuestion 4: According to the passage, the northern Atlantic Ocean was formed A. about 200 million years ago B. when parts of Laurasia separated from each other C. with a newly formed sea that grew between the land areas D. when the land areas were filled with waterQuestion 5: In the last paragraph, the word “concentrated” is closest in meaning to which of the following?'A. allowed B. clusteredC. exploded D. strengthenedQuestion 6: Which of the following can be inferred about the theory of plate tectonics?'A. It is no longer of great interest to geologists.B. It was first proposed in the 1960’s.C. It fails to explain why earthquakes occur.D. It refutes the theory of the existence of a supercontinent.Question 7: The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses A. why certain geological events happen where they do B. how geological occurrences have changed over the years C. the most unusual geological developments in the Earth’s history D. the latest innovations in geological measurementHướng dẫn & Bình luậnnhulan: