READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE AND MARK THE LETTER A, B, C, OR D ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET TO INDICATE THE BEST ANSWER TO EACH OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

Questions 46 – 55: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions. The hard, rigid plates that form the outermost portion of the Earth are about 100 kilometers thick. These plates include both the Earth’s crust and the upper mantle. The rocks of the crust are composed mostly of minerals with light elements, like aluminum and sodium, while the mantle contains some heavier elements, like iron and magnesium. Together, the crust and upper mantle that form the surface plates are called the lithosphere. This rigid layer floats on the denser material of the lower mantle the way a wooden raft flats on a pond. The plates are supported by a weak, plastic layer of the lower mantle called the asthenosphere. Also like a raft on a pond, the lithospheric plates are carried along by slow currents in this more fluid layer beneath them. With an understating of plate tectonics, geologists have put together a new history for the Earth’s surface. About 200 million years ago, the plates at the Earth’s surface formed a “suppercontinent” called Pangaea. When this supercontinent started to tear apart because of plate movement, Pangaea first broke into two large continental masses with a newly formed sea that grew between the land areas the depression filled with water. The southern one, which included the modern continents of South America, Africa, Australia, and Antarctic, is called Gondwanaland. The northern one, with North America, Europe, and Asia, is called Laurasi. North America tore away from Europe about 180 million years ago, forming the northern Atlantic Ocean. Some of the lithospheric plates carry ocean floor and others carry land masses or a combination of the two types. The movement of the lithospheric plates is responsible for earthquakes, volcanoes, and the Earth’s largest mountain ranges. Current understating of the interaction between different plates explains why these occur where they do. For example, the edge of the Pacific Ocean has been called the “Ring of Fire” because so many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes happen there. Before the 1960’s, geologists could not explain why active volcanoes and strong earthquakes were concentrate in that region. The theory of plate tectonics gave them an answer. Câu 46: With which of the following topic is the passage mainly concerned? A. The contributions of the theory of plate tectonics to geological knowledge. B. The mineral composition of the Earth’s crust. C. The location of the Earth’s major plates. D. The methods used by scientists to measure plate movement. Câu 47: According to the passage, the lithosphertic plates are given support by the … A. upper mantle B. ocean floor C. crust D.asthenosphere Câu 48: When were all the current continents a single entity? A. 500 million years C. 300 million D. 200 million B. 400 million years. years. yearCâu 49: The author compares the relationship between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere to which of the following? A. Lava flowing from a volcano B. A boat floating on the water C. A fish swimming in a pond D. The erosion of rocks by running water. Câu 50: The word “one” in the third paragraph refers to … A. movements B. depression C. sea D.masses Câu 51: According to the passage, the northern Atlantic Ocean was formed when… D.Pangaea Plate movement ceased A. Pangaea was created C. Gondwanaland collided with other templates. B. Parts of Laurasia separated from the each other. Câu 52: The word “carry” in the last paragraph could best be replaced by … A. damage B. connect C. squeeze D. support Câu 53: The word “concentrated” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to which of the following? A. allowed C. clustered B. exploded D. strengthened Câu 54: Which of the following can be inferred about the theory of plate tectonics? C. It fails to explain why earthquakes occur A. It is no longer of great interest to geologists. D. It refutes the theory of the existence of a B. It was first proposed in the 1960’s supercontinent Câu 55: The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses… A. Why certain geological events happen C. the most unusual geological development in where they do the Earth’s history B. How geological occurrences have D. The latest innovations in geological changed over the years measurement