Câu 12: A. geography B. vulnerable C. diversity D. electrical
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions.
There are a number of natural disasters that can strike across the globe. Two that are frequently
linked to one another are earthquakes and tsunamis. Both of them can cause a great amount of
devastation when they hit. However, tsunamis are the direct result of earthquakes and cannot happen
without them.
The Earth has three main parts. They are the crust, the mantle, and the core. The crust is the outer
layer of the Earth. It is not a single piece of land. Instead, it is comprised of a number of plates. There are
a few enormous plates and many smaller ones. These plates essentially rest upon the mantle, which is
fluid. As a result, the plates are in constant - yet slow - motion. The plates may move away from or
towards other plates. In some cases, they collide violently with the plates adjoining them. The movement
of the plates causes tension in the rock. Over a long time, this tension may build up. When it is released,
an earthquake happens.
Tens of thousands of earthquakes happen every year. The vast majority are so small that only
scientific instruments can perceive them. Others are powerful enough that people can feel them, yet they
cause little harm or damage. More powerful earthquakes, however, can cause buildings, bridges, and
other structures to collapse. They may additionally injure and skill thousands of people and might even
cause the land to change it appearance.
Since most of the Earth's surface is water, numerous earthquakes happen beneath the planet's
oceans. Underwater earthquakes cause the seafloor to move. This results in the displacement of water in
the ocean. When this occurs, a tsunami may form. This is a wave that forms on the surface and moves in
all directions from the place where the earthquake happened. A tsunami moves extremely quickly and
can travel thousands of kilometres. As it approaches land, the water near the coast gets sucked out to sea.
This causes the tsunamis to increase in height. Minutes later, the tsunami arrives. A large tsunami - one
more than ten meters in height - can travel far inland. As it does that, it can flood the land, destroy human
settlements, and kill large numbers of people.
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