A. PASSED B. REALIZED C. WISHED D. TOUCHED READ THE FOLLOWING PASS...

Câu 2: A. passed B. realized C. wished D. touched

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the

correct answer to each of the questions.

Despite widespread assumptions to the contrary, there is no prescribed pathway for the

development of a society, no single model on which development strategies should be based. The

Western model of development, conceived linear process involving largely economic factors, is often

incompatible with the complex social, cultural and political dimensions of societies pursuing different

goals, reflecting their own values. The ideology of development has all too often tended to damage the

social fabric and foundations- often rooted in traditions of communal solidarity- of the communities that

have received “development aid”

Just as no development strategy can be said to be culturally neutral, a culturally sensitive

approach to development is the key to addressing the interlinked social, economic and environmental

problems confronting the planet as a whole. Cultural diversity - which emphasizes the dynamic

interactions between cultures and sensitivity to cultural contexts - thus becomes a key lever for ensuring

sustainable, holistic development strategies. While the international community, in its attempts to

operationalize the concept of sustainable development over the last two decades, has begun to

acknowledge the role of culture in the development process, the cultural factor has yet to be fully

integrated into the development equation.

The 1987 Bruntland Report of the UN Commission on Environment and Development (UNCED),

entitled our Common Future, was seminal in its assertion that genuine development must be sustainable -

denoting a form of growth “that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their own needs". At the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, sustainability was

conceived in terms of the three pillars of economic viability, social responsiveness and respect for the

environment. These pillars have since served as the basis for important standard-setting instruments,

including the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Nations Framework Convention on

Climate Change (UNFCCC). The 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg

went further by recognizing cultural diversity as a significant cross-cutting factor in sustainable

development. Cultural diversity must be seen as a cross-cutting (rather than as a separate, fourth pillar of

sustainability), with an important role to play in all development projects, from poverty eradication and

the safeguarding of biodiversity to resource management and climate change.