I BELIEVE THAT CATS CAN SWIM. 5. I DON’T THINK THAT GORILLAS HAVE T...

4. I believe that cats can swim. 5. I don’t think that gorillas have tails. 6. I supposethat Janet will be 7. I hope that my / our flight won’t be canceled

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EXERCISE 22, p. 419. Substituting SO for a THAT - clause. (Chart 14 - 7)These short dialogues are typical of everyday conversations.CHART 14-8: QUOTED SPEECH• Using examples on the chalkboard, go through the punctuation and capitalization ofquotations step by step. This information will probably be new to at least a few of the students.• Learning how to use quotations in writing will help the students improve their narrative-descriptive writing as well as prepare them for academic writing in which they must cite sources(i.e., use the words of another writer). Students who are not interested in the conventions ofwritten English could skip this unit.• Information not included in the chart: When reporting words are not at the beginning of aquotation, the reporting phrase is sometimes inverted. For example:“Cats are fun to watch,”saidJane. This inversion is used in writing rather than in speaking.Also, reporting words can come in the middle of a quoted sentence:“Cats,” said Jane / Janesaid,“are fun to watch.” Give your students as much information as will be useful to themwithout overloading them. Most students at this level don’t require a survey of all the variationspossible in writing quotations.

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EXERCISE 23, p. 420. Quoted speech. (Chart 14 - 8)

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: Cut out comic strips from the newspaper and hand them out to the class. Tellthe students to make up a story based on their comic strip. In their story, they should quotethe speakers exactly.ANSWERS: