201INFINITIVES (TO EAT),168USED AS COUNT NOUNS (PAPERVS.A PAPER),...
198, 201
Infinitives (to eat),
168
used as count nouns (paper
vs.
a paper),
followed by gerunds, 171
with it (It is easy to cook eggs),
173–174
objects of, 77
with modals
(have to study),
89
148
purpose (in order to),
176
units of measure with (two cups of tea),
of place, 77
with too
and enough,
177
149
vs. time, word order, place, 79
verbs followed by, 168
Not
(
SEE
Negatives)
as particle in phrasal verbs (put off ),
194
Information questions, 58
Not as . . . as,
122
placement in adjective clauses, 160
-Ing:
Noun clauses, 181–192
in stative passive (be married to),
137
Simple past, 15
Present perfect (have eaten),
41–55
with since,
47
vs. past progressive, 22
Present time, 1–13 (
SEE ALSO
Tenses)
To . . . from,
to express distance, 66
Principal parts of a verb (eat, ate, eaten,
vs. present perfect, 44
To
simple form (infinitive), 167–168
(in order) to,
176
eating),
19
Simple present, 4, 12
to express future time, 37
Too
(excess amount), 177
Probably,
32
Progressive verbs (be
-ing),
19
with and (and I do too),
108
in future time clauses, 34
Transitive and intransitive verbs, 133
vs. non-action (I am thinking
vs.
I think),
Since
and for,
43–44, 47–48
Two-word verbs, 194 (
SEE ALSO
Phrasal
12
Singular and plural:
nouns (a bird, birds),
75, 145
verbs)
in passive (is being done),
136
nouns used as adjectives (flower garden),
past
(was doing),
22, 136
U
present (is doing),
4, 36, 48, 136
80
Units of measure (a cup of, a piece of),
149
personal pronouns (I, we),
82
present perfect (has been doing),
48–49
Until,
25, 34
Pronouns, defined, 73
possessive nouns (student’s, students’),
84
Used to
(past habit), 26
present tense verbs (eat),
4, 8
in adjective clauses (who, which),
156–158
vs.
be used to,
141
contractions with (
SEE
Contractions)
verbs in adjective clauses (man who is,
used as expressions of quantity (many,
men who are),
160
V
So:
some),
147, 150
Verbs:
gerunds, 166, 168
personal (I, them),
82
with
and (and so do I),
108
infinitives, 168
conjunction (It was late, so we left),
106
possessive (mine, theirs),
84
substitute for that-clause (I think so),
188
reflexive (myself, themselves),
84
non-action vs. progressive, 12
Some,
143, 150
Pronunciation:
reporting, 190–191
So/too/either/neither,
108
-ed,
17
vs. subjects and objects, 75, 133
-s/-es,
74
Spelling:
transitive/intransitive, 133
Punctuation:
-ed,
18
(
SEE ALSO
Auxiliaries; Modal auxiliaries;
-er/-est,
117
apostrophe (Tom’s),
83 (
SEE ALSO
Passive; Phrasal verbs; Tenses;
Contractions)
-ing,
18
individual items)
-s/-es,
9, 75
comma:
Very,
121
Stative (non-action) verbs, 12
in adverb clauses, 25, 109
W
Stative passive (is married),
137
vs. a period, 104
Was,
were,
15, 22
in quoted speech, 188
Still,
50
-ing (was eating),
22
in a series with and,
104
Subject pronouns, personal (I, she, they),
82
What,
60
in adjective clauses (a man who is, a book
period, 104
in noun clauses, 182–183
quotation marks, 188
which was),
156
what about,
70
Purpose (in order to, for),
176
Subjects, verbs, objects, 75
what
a form of
do,
63
transitive vs. intransitive verbs, 133
Q
what kind of,
63
Subject–verb agreement, 79
Quantity, expressions of (a lot, several),
147
what time
vs.
when,
59
in adjective clauses, 160
Question forms, 58
When:
Superlatives, 117–118, 124
past progressive (were you doing?),
22
in questions, 59
Supposed to,
142
in time clauses, 22, 25, 34
present perfect (have you done?),
42
S
-
V
-
O
-
P
-
T
(word order), 79
Where,
59
present perfect progressive (have they
T
Whether,
185, 191
been driving?),
48
Tag questions (You know Bob, don’t you?),
71
Which:
present progressive (are you doing?),
4
Take,
with it
to express length of time, 66
simple past (did you do?),
15
in adjective clauses, 158
Tell
vs.
say,
ask,
191
in noun clauses, 182
simple present (do you do?),
4
Tenses:
with will (will you do?),
31
in questions, 64
past perfect (had worked),
53
While,
22, 25, 34
Questions, 56–71
past progressive (were working),
22
Who/who(m):
information (why, when),
58
present perfect (have worked),
42–44, 47
in adjective clauses, 156–158, 160
polite (would you please?),
93–94
present perfect progressive (have been
tag (You know Bob, don’t you?),
71
in noun clauses, 183
working),
48–49
yes/no, 12, 57–58
in questions, 58, 60
present progressive (is working),
4
Question words, 58, 61 (
SEE ALSO
Noun
who’s
vs.
whose,
64, 162
future meaning, 36
Whose:
clauses; individual items)
simple future (will work),
29
in adjective clauses, 162
Quite,
116
simple past (worked),
15, 19, 22, 44
Quotation marks, 188
simple present
(works),
4
Quoted speech, 188–189
future meaning, 34, 37
Why,
59
R
Than:
Why don’t,
99
Reflexive pronouns (myself),
84
in comparatives (more/-er),
117, 120, 122
Will,
89
Relative clauses (
SEE
Adjective clauses)
following like better, would rather,
100
vs.
be going to,
33
Reported speech, 189–190
That:
forms, 31
S
in adjective clauses (a book that I read),
future, 29
-S/-es:
157–158, 160
in polite questions, 94
with plural nouns (birds),
8, 75, 145
in noun clauses (He said that . . . .),
186
with probably,
32
pronunciation, 74
The,
117, 150
With
vs.
by,
172
with names, 152
with simple present verbs (eat),
4
Word order (
S
-
V
-
O
-
P
-
T
), 79
Their,
they’re,
there,
84
spelling, 9
Would,
100
Same,
similar,
different,
like,
alike,
127
There
be,
79
contractions with pronouns, 100
Say
vs.
tell,
191
Think,
progressive vs. non-action, 12
Sequence of tenses, in noun clauses, 190
Three-word verbs, 197 (
SEE ALSO
Phrasal
in reported speech, 190
Several,
147
Would rather,
100
Time clauses:
Shall,
29
form, 25
Y
Short answers to questions, 12, 15, 42, 57
Should,
88, 94
future, 34
Yes/no questions, 12, 57–58