CH4 + CL2 AS CH3CL + HCL METYL CLORUA (CLO METAN)CH4 + 2CL2 AS CH2CL2 + 2HCL METYLEN CLORUA (DICLO METAN)CH4 + 3CL2 AS CHCL3 + 3HCL CLOROFOM (TRICLO METAN)CH4 + 4CL2 AS CCL4 + 4HCL CACBON TETRACLORUA (TETRACLO METAN)CHÚ Ý
1. Phản ứng thế :
CH
4
+ Cl
2
as
CH
3
Cl + HCl
metyl clorua (clo metan)
CH
4
+ 2Cl
2
as
CH
2
Cl
2
+ 2HCl
metylen clorua (diclo metan)
CH
4
+ 3Cl
2
as
CHCl3 + 3HCl
Clorofom (triclo metan)
CH
4
+ 4Cl
2
as
CCl
4
+ 4HCl
Cacbon tetraclorua (tetraclo metan)
Chú ý : Các đồng đẳng của metan cũng tham gia phản ứng thế tương tự như metan.VD :CH
3
– CH
2
– CH
3
+ Cl
2
(25
0
)
as
C
CH
3
– CHCl – CH
3
+ HCl (57%)
CH
3
– CH
2
– CH
2
Cl + HCl (43%)
CH
3
– CH
2
– CH
3
+ Br
2
as
(25
0
C
)
CH
3
– CHBr – CH
3
+ HBr (97%)
CH
3
– CH
2
– CH
2
Br + HBr (3%)
PTTQ: C
n
H
2n+2
+ zX
2
as
C
n
H
2n+2-zXz