ADVERBIAL MODIFIER ( TRẠNG NGỮ)BY/WITHOUT + V-ING ( THỂ CÁCH) HE EA...

9. Adverbial Modifier ( trạng ngữ)

By/Without + V-ing ( thể cách) He earns money by doing manual work.

He looked at me without saying anything

For + V-ing ( mục đích) Money is used for buying things.

After/at/in/on/before while/ upon + V-ing ( thời gian)

On returning home I found that the door was open.

We ate while listening to the radio.

B. Gerund as a verb: có object ho c ặ đượ c b ngh a b i m t tr ng t ổ ĩ ở ộ ạ ừ