A. SITUATION B. EXAMINATION C. GENERATION D. EDUCATIONREAD THE FOLLOW...

Câu 41: A. situation

B. examination

C. generation

D. education

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to

indicate the correct answer to the following questions.

Very few people in the modern world obtain their food supply by hunting and gathering in

the natural environment surrounding their homes. This method of harvesting from nature's

provision is the oldest known subsistence strategy and has been practised for at least the last

two million years. It was, indeed, the only way to obtain food until rudimentary farming and

the

domestication

of wild animals were introduced about 10,000 years ago.

Because hunter-gatherers have fared poorly in comparison with their agricultural cousins,

their numbers have dwindled, and they have been forced to live in marginal environments,

such as deserts and arctic wastelands. In higher latitudes, the shorter growing seasons have

restricted the availability of plant life. Such conditions have caused a greater dependence on

hunting, and on fishing along the coasts and waterways. The abundance of vegetation in the

lower latitudes of the tropics, on the other hand, has provided a greater opportunity for

gathering a variety of plants. In short, the environmental differences have restricted the diet

and have limited possibilities for the development of subsistence societies.

Contemporary hunter-gatherers may help us understand our prehistoric ancestors. We know

from the observation of modern hunter-gatherers in both Africa and Alaska that a society

based on hunting and gathering must be very mobile. While the entire community camps in

a central location, a smaller party harvests the food within a reasonable distance from the

camp. When the food in the area has become exhausted, the community moves on to exploit

another site. We also notice seasonal migration patterns evolving for most hunter-gatherers,

along with a strict division of labor between the sexes. These patterns of behavior may be

similar to those practised by mankind during the Paleolithic Period.