CREATUREREAD THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE AND MARK THE LETTER A, B, C, OR D ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET TOINDICATE THE CORRECT ANSWER TO EACH OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS FROM QUESTIONS 6 TO 13

Câu 5: A.

pressure

B.

mature

C.

measure

D.

creature

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to

indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from questions 6 to 13.

Culture is a word in common use with complex meanings, and is derived, like the term

broadcasting, from the treatment and care of the soil and of what grows on it.

It

is directly

related to cultivation and the adjectives cultural and cultured are part of the same verbal

complex. A person of culture has identifiable

attributes, among them a knowledge of and

interest in the arts, literature, and music. Yet the word culture does not refer solely to such

knowledge and interest nor, indeed, to education. At least from the 19th century onwards,

under the influence of anthropologists and sociologists, the word culture has come to be used

generally both in the singular and the plural (cultures) to refer to a whole way of life of

people, including their customs, laws, conventions, and values.

Distinctions have consequently been drawn between primitive and advanced culture and

cultures, between elite and popular culture, between popular and mass culture, and most

recently between national and global cultures. Distinctions have been drawn too between

culture and civilization; the latter is a word derived not, like culture or agriculture, from the

soil, but from the city. The two words are sometimes treated as synonymous. Yet this is

misleading. While civilization and barbarism are pitted against each other in what seems to

be a perpetual behavioural pattern, the use of the word culture has been strongly influenced

by 6 conceptions of evolution in the 19th century and of development in the 20th century.

Cultures evolve or develop. They are not

static. They have twists and turns. Styles change.

So do fashions. There are cultural processes. What, for example, the word cultured means

has changed substantially since the study of classical (that is, Greek and Roman) literature,

philosophy, and history ceased in the 20th century to be central to school and university

education. No single alternative focus emerged, although with computers has come

electronic culture, affecting kinds of study, and most recently digital culture. As cultures

express themselves in new forms not everything gets better or more civilized.

The multiplicity of meanings attached to the word made and will make it difficult to

define. There is no single, unproblematic definition, although many attempts have been

made to establish one. The only nonproblematic definitions go back to agricultural meaning

(for example, cereal culture or strawberry culture) and medical meaning (for example,

bacterial culture or penicillin culture). Since in anthropology and sociology we also

acknowledge culture clashes, culture shock, and counter-culture, the range of reference is

extremely wide.