WITH WHICH OF FOLLOWING DOES THE WORD INITIATED IN THE PASSAGE COUL...

Question

55.With which of following does the word initiated in the passage could best be

replaced?

A.produced

B. responded

C. disrupted

D. established

Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each question.

Very few people in the modem world obtain their food supply by hunting and gathering

in the natural environment surrounding their homes. This method of harvesting from

nature’s provision is the oldest known subsistence strategy, and has been practised for at

least the last two million years. It was, indeed, the only way to obtain food until

rudimentary farming and the domestication of animals were introduced about 10,000

years ago.

Because hunter-gatherers have fared poorly in comparison with their agricultural cousins,

their numbers have dwindled, and they have been forced to live in marginal environments

such as deserts, forests, or arctic wastelands. In higher latitudes, the shorter growing

season has restricted the availability of plant life. Such conditions have caused a greater

dependence on hunting and, along the coasts and waterways, on fishing. The abundance

of vegetation in the lower latitudes of the tropics, on the other hand, has provided a

greater opportunity for gathering a variety of plants. In short, the environmental

differences have restricted the diet and have limited possibilities for the development of

subsistence societies. Contemporary hunter-gatherers may help us understand our

prehistoric ancestors. We know from observation of modem hunter-gatherers in both

Africa and Alaska that a society based on hunting and gathering must be very mobile.

While the entire community camps in a central location, a smaller party harvests the food

within a reasonable distance from the camp. When the food in the area is exhausted, the

community moves on to exploit another site. We also notice a seasonal migration pattern

evolving for most hunter-gatherers, along with a strict division of labour between the

sexes. These patterns of behaviour may be similar to those practised by mankind during

the Paleolithic Period.