IN 1986 VIETNAM LAUNCHED A POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC INNOVATION CAMPAIGN (DOI MOI) THAT INTRODUCED REFORMSINTENDED TO FACILITATE THE TRANSITION FROM A CENTRALIZED ECONOMY TO A "SOCIALIST-ORIENTED MARKET ECONOMY

Exercise 14:In 1986 Vietnam launched a political and economic innovation campaign (Doi Moi) that introduced reformsintended to facilitate the transition from a centralized economy to a "socialist-oriented market economy." Doi Moicombined government planning with free-market incentives. The program abolished agricultural collectives,removed price controls on agricultural goods, and enabled farmers to sell their goods in the marketplace. Itencouraged the establishment of private businesses and foreign investment, including foreign-owned enterprises.By the late 1990s, .the success of the business and agricultural reforms ushered in under Doi Moi was evident.More than 30,000 private businesses had been created, and the economy was growing at an annual rate of morethan 7 percent. From the early 1990s to 2005, poverty declined from about 50 percent to 29 percent of thepopulation. However, progress varied geographically, with most prosperity concentrated in urban areas,particularly in and around Ho Chi Minh City. In general, rural areas also made progress, as rural housel olds livingin poverty declined from 66 percent of the total in 1993to 36 percent in 2002. By contrast, concentrations ofpoverty remained in certain rural areas, particularly the northwest, north-central coast, and central highlands.Government control of the economy and a nonconvertible currency have protected Vietnam from what could havebeen a more severe impact resulting from the East Asian financial crisis in 1997.1. The Vietnamese Doi Moi campaign _______.A. has not interfered with politics B. has focused on centralized economy.C. is not in favour of socialism D. came into being in 19862. From the content of the text, the readers can learn that _______.A. Vietnam used to have agricultural collectivesB. there used to be many foreign-owned enterprises before 1986 in VietnamC. before 1986, the Vietnamese government did not control prices on agricultural goodsD. The Vietnamese Doi Moi campaign has not allowed foreign-owned enterprises3. Which rate has decreased?A. Poverty B. Population C. Economy D. Business4. The development in Vietnam _______.A. has been equal in every part of the country B. has focused only on agricultureC. is more prosperous in big cities than that in the countrysideD. is more prosperous in the countryside than that in big cities5. According to the last paragraph, _______.A. the Vietnamese government did nothing to overcome the East Asian financial crisis in 1997.B. The Vietnamese economy was not affected by the East Asian financial crisis in 1997.C. the Vietnamese government found it difficult to control the financial crisis.D. the Vietnamese government could not protect the economy from the East Asian financial crisis in 1997.