ECONOMIC REFORMSI. CHOOSE ONE WORD IN EACH GROUP THAT HAS THE UNDERLIN...

10. Every effort was made to return the purse to its

owner.

RIGHT

VII. Fill each numbered blank of the following passage with a suitable word.

Since 1986, the government launched the “Doi Moi” or all-round renovation process, stepping in the

general development (1)

and the process of gradual globalisation. The Sixth Congress of Vietnam

Congress Party in December 1986 strictly self-critised (2)

mistakes in the past years, assessing

carefully its achievements, (3)

mistakes and drawbacks, setting forth all-round renovation policy.

With top prority being (4)

to economic reform for creating a multi-sector market economy regulated

by the Government, at the (5)

time consolidating legal environment and renovating Party’s and State’s

structure. Since then the Vietnamese economy (6)

become opened and transformed from centralised

planned economy heavily based (7)

imports to a market-oriented one. The self-determination of

financing was introduced. All (8)

at budget balancing and promoting exports. As from 1989, Vietnam

began to export about 1 – 1,5 ton of rice, inflation rate gradually decreased (the rate stood at 67,4% in 1990),

living (9)

were improved, democracy got enhanced, national defense and internal security got firmly

consolidated, the external relations (10)

broadened freeing the country from blockage and isolation.

VIII. Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each blank.

For many decades, Vietnamese economy was plagued (1)

inefficiency and corruption in state

programs, poor quality and production and restrictions on economic activities and trade. It also suffered from

the (2)

embargo from United State and most of Europe after the war. Furthermore, the trade partners

of the Communist Blocks began to erode. In 1986, the Sixth Party Congress introduced significant economic

reforms with market (3)

elements as part of a broad economic reform package called “Doi Moi”

(Renovation). Private ownership was (4)

in industries, commerce and agriculture. In many ways, this

followed the Chinese model and (5)

similar results. On one hand, Vietnam achieved around 8%

annual GDP growth from 1990 – 1997 and continued at around 7% from 2000 – 2002, making it the world’s

(6)

growing economy. Stimultaneously, foreign investment grew three-fold and domestic (7)

quintupled. Manufacturing, information technology and high-tech industries from a large and fast-growing part

of the national economy. Urban unemployment has been raising steadily in recent years (8)

to high

numbers of migration from the coutryside to the cities, and rural unemployment, estimated (9)

up to

35% during non-harvest period, is already at critical levels. Layoffs in the sate sector and foreign-invested

enterprises (10)

with the lasting effects of a prvious military demobilization further exacerbated the

unemployment situation.