S +TO BE + PP +( BY +O)ĐỘNG TỪ CHÍNH CỦA CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG Ở THÌ NÀO THÌ TOBE PHẢI CHIA Ở THÌ ĐÓ (PP

1-Gerund rule

Active: S + V + O

Passive: S +to be + PP +( by +O)

Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì tobe phải chia ở thì đó

(PP: Past participle)

Note:

- Đặt từ ở cõu chủ động ở thỡ (tense) hay thể (form) nào thỡ “be” ở cõu bị động ở thỡ hay thể đú.

- Khi ta khụng xem người thực hiện hành động (does) là quan trọng, thỡ “ by object” cú thể bỏ đi. ( eg.

does=personal pronoun: he, she, they, we, .... people; no-one.. )

Example:

a.The simple present

She cleans the floor everyday.

( S + V / Vs / es... )

Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday.

(S + am/is/are/ +PP...)

b.The present continous.

Mr.Baker is repairing the car

Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr Baker. ( S + am/ is/ are + being + PP...)

c.The present perfect

Someone has stolen the bicycles ( S+ has/have + P.P...)

Passive: The bicycles have been stolen ( S+ has/have + been + PP...)

d.The simple past

Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed)

Passive: where were the drugs found ? ( S+ was/ were + PP...)

e.The past continuous

They were preparing luch when I came there yesterday (S+was/were + V-ing .... )

Passive: Luch was being prepared when I came there yesterday.( S+ was/ were + being + PP...)

f. The past perfect

She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm. ( S+ had + PP...)

Passive: Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m (S+ had been + PP...)

g. Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might must, have to, be going to, used to, ...

Active: S+ will/would, shall/ should... + bare-infinitive + object

Passive: S + will/would, shall/shoul.... + be + past participle (+ by object).

Ex: Police will destroy these drugs.

Passive: the drugs will be destroyed by police.