WHAT IS NOT A CAUSE OF FOREST FIRES MENTIONED IN THIS PASSAGE

Câu 43: What is NOT a cause of forest fires mentioned in this passage?

A. supernatural forces B. weather

C. human carelessness D. geographical characteristics

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the

correct answer to each of the questions.

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder that is marked by elevated blood glucose (commonly referred to as blood

sugar). A large portion of the food that we eat is converted by the body into glucose. The blood delivers

glucose throughout the body, but the hormone insulin is needed in order for it to be transported into most

cells. Insulin comes from the pancreas. If the pancreas does not make sufficient insulin or cells are resistant

to its activity of promoting glucose uptake, the blood glucose level becomes elevated.

Type I diabetes represents approximately 5-10% of diabetic patients. It usually has a rapid onset and

most frequently manifest in children and adolescents.

Because the body cannot use dietary glucose, the level in the blood is elevated and excess glucose is lost

in the urine, causing weakness, thirst and hunger. The treatment for type I diabetes is insulin replacement.

Type II diabetes is found in some 120 million adults, who are able to produce insulin but the liver and body

cells are resistant to its actions. Some type II diabetics can be effectively treated with diet alone, but many

require oral medications.

Historically, this has been thought of as maturity onset diabetes because it tends to occur after age 50,

but there has been a dramatic increase in because it tends to occur after age 50, but there has been a dramatic

increase in the number of adolescents with the disease. This is thought to be due to increased obesity and

decreased physical activity in this age group.

The major complication of diabetes is damage to the heart and blood vessels, which can cause heart

attacks, strokes, and poor circulation. The effects on blood vessels also increase the risk of developing high

blood pressure (hypertension).

Diabetics have an increased risk of eye disease. Damage to the retina associated with diabetes is the

leading cause of blindness in adults under age 65 in the US.

When blood glucose is high, nerve cells swell and scar. The disease associated with damage to the nerves

outside of the brain and spinal cord is referred to as peripheral neuropathy. The most common type of

neuropathy in diabetics involves impairment of sensory nerves. Impaired nerve signals to the brain about

sensations such as the detection of heat or pain may lead to burns or undetected cuts that can become

infected. If untreated, infected foot and leg ulcers can spread to the bone and may require amputation.

Burning, pain or tingling sensations in the hands, legs and feet are also common.