1.2 ADVERBIAL ING- PARTICIPLE CLAUSES EXPRESSING THE ACTION HAPPENIN...

2.1.2 Adverbial ing- participle clauses expressing the action happening before

the the action in the main clause

Adverbial ing-participle clauses expressing the action happening before the

action in the main clause are usually introduced with the subordinator: "after”.

For example:

After playing the game, he discussed my plans.

( 29, Love Story)

( Sau khi đã chơi xong, anh ta bàn về kế hoạch của tôi.

I always have a shower after taking exercise.

( Tôi luôn luôn tắm sau khi tập thể dục xong.)

The adverbial ing-participle clause can occur without subordinators and for these

cases, perfect ing-participles are used to express the different point of time with

the time that the action in the main clause happens. For example:

Having filled his glass, Max took a long drink.

In Vietnamese, people use subordinators: “ Sau khi” or “... xong” to show the

different in the time of the two actions. These subordinators show that the action

in the adverbial ing-participle clause has finished before the action in the main

clause happens. Thus, the above sentence can be translated into Vietnamese as

following :

Sau khi đã rót đầy cốc, Max uống một hơi dài.

Or: Rót đầy cốc xong, Max uống một hơi dài.

We can find other examples:

Having listened to the story, the magistrate ordered the boy to be released.

( 46, Oliver Twist)

( Sau khi đã nghe câu chuyện, quan toà cho phép cậu bé đợc tự do.

Or: Nghe xong câu chuyện, quan toà cho phép cậu bé đợc tự do.)

Having given him this warning, Fagin left the house.

( Cảnh báo cho hắn ta xong, Fagin đi ra khỏi nhà.

Or: Sau khi đã cảnh báo cho hắn ta xong, Fagin đi ra khỏi nhà.)