2.1.2 Adverbial ing- participle clauses expressing the action happening before
the the action in the main clause
Adverbial ing-participle clauses expressing the action happening before the
action in the main clause are usually introduced with the subordinator: "after”.
For example:
After playing the game, he discussed my plans.
( 29, Love Story)
( Sau khi đã chơi xong, anh ta bàn về kế hoạch của tôi.
I always have a shower after taking exercise.
( Tôi luôn luôn tắm sau khi tập thể dục xong.)
The adverbial ing-participle clause can occur without subordinators and for these
cases, perfect ing-participles are used to express the different point of time with
the time that the action in the main clause happens. For example:
Having filled his glass, Max took a long drink.
In Vietnamese, people use subordinators: “ Sau khi” or “... xong” to show the
different in the time of the two actions. These subordinators show that the action
in the adverbial ing-participle clause has finished before the action in the main
clause happens. Thus, the above sentence can be translated into Vietnamese as
following :
Sau khi đã rót đầy cốc, Max uống một hơi dài.
Or: Rót đầy cốc xong, Max uống một hơi dài.
We can find other examples:
Having listened to the story, the magistrate ordered the boy to be released.
( 46, Oliver Twist)
( Sau khi đã nghe câu chuyện, quan toà cho phép cậu bé đợc tự do.
Or: Nghe xong câu chuyện, quan toà cho phép cậu bé đợc tự do.)
Having given him this warning, Fagin left the house.
( Cảnh báo cho hắn ta xong, Fagin đi ra khỏi nhà.
Or: Sau khi đã cảnh báo cho hắn ta xong, Fagin đi ra khỏi nhà.)
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