1.1.1 Clause element
All clauses are made out of elements,each expressing a particular kind of
meaning. Traditional grammar recognised two main elements, which they called
the subject and the predicate. The present grammatical analysis recognises five
elements in a clause, all of which appear in the following sentence:
The cyclist has called Dave a foot twice.
1 2 3 4 5
The first element in this clause is the subject (S). The subject usually
identifies the theme or the topic of the clause.
The second element is the verb (V). It expresses a wide range of meanings
such as: actions ,sensations or states of being performed.
The third element is the object (O) which identifies who or what has been
directly affected by the action of the verb.
The fourth element is the subject complement (C
S) which gives further
information about the subject.
The fifth element is the adverbial (A). The adverbial usually adds extra
information about the situation such as the time of an action, its location, or its
manner of being performed.
When a clause is consider as a sentence, it may have the following patterns:
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