1 DEFINITIONS OF TRANSLATION WE CAN NEVER KNOW HOW MANY LANGUAGES MA...

4.1 Definitions of translation

We can never know how many languages man uses today in the world. Since

communication within only one speech community is not enough, certainly

there has a great number of times arisen a situation in which some individuals

are unable to understand the words of expressions of some others.

To define what is translation is not simple. When many languages existing in the

world, translation is always vital. Translation is considered as bridge which

connects every cultural even cultural or language barriers…. Translation is

converting one language (SL) to another (TL) so that the TL could convey the

intended message in SL. The concepts ―What is translation?‖ are discussed for

times in forum, workshop, meeting, topic……There are so many concepts of

translation, which are develop by lots of experts and linguistics of translation.

Take the following typical ones for examples:

Translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent

production of an equivalent text, likewise called a "translation," that

communicates the same message in another language. The text to be translated

is called the "source text," and the language that it is to be translated into is

called the "target language"; the final product is sometimes called the "target

text." ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation)

Linguistically, translation is a branch of applied linguistics, for in the process

of translation the translator consistently makes any attempt to compare and

contrast different aspects of two languages to find the equivalents.

Translation is the process in which a written communication or a text in a first

language is produced as the written communication or text in the second

language interpreting the same meaning. Here the text in the first language is the

"source text" and the equivalent text that communicates the same message is the

"target text" or "translated text". Initially translation has been a manual activity.

In the first paper Newmark tackles the nature of translation. Anyone, he says,

can immediately define translation as ''taking the meaning from one text and

integrating it into another language for a new and sometimes different

readership'' https://traloihay.net

The first definition is presented by Catford (1965: 20). He states that translation

is the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual

material in another language.

Next, Nida and Taber (1969) explain the process of translating as follows.

Translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural

equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and

secondly in terms of style.

Identical with the above definition is the one proposed by Pinhhuck (1977: 38).

He maintains that "Translation is a process of finding a TL equivalent for an SL

utterance".

"Translation involves the rendering of a source language (SL) text into the target

language (TL) so as to ensure that (1) the surface meaning of the two will be

approximately similar and (2) the structure of the SL will be preserved as

closely as possible, but not so closely that the TL structure will be seriously

distorted (McGuire, 1980: 2).

According to Snell-Hornby (1988: 39), however, this exclusion of cultural

aspect from the discussion of translation theory is due to the view of the

traditional approach in linguistics which draws a sharp dividing-line between

language and "extralinguistic reality" (culture, situation, etc.). The contemporary

approach, according to her, sees language as an integral part of culture. This

view can be seen in Hymes (1964) and Halliday and Hasan (1985), for example.

(https://traloihay.net)