–19 ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE

Questions 14–19 are based on the following passage.suicide attempts.(1) A series of studies to determine whether victims(5) Another key finding was that the rates ofarrest for children who were victims of neglectof violence and neglect later become criminals or(defined as an excessive failure by caregivers to pro-violent offenders themselves examined the lives ofvide food, shelter, clothing, and medical attention)child victims identified in court cases dating from1967 to 1971. The goal of the studies was to providewere almost as high as the rate for physically abusedchildren.data that would enable early identification and care-ful handling of cases to avoid an early criminal jus-(6) In 1994, nearly 100% of the sample were 26or older. After recompiling criminal histories, largertice path.(2) The initial study, conducted in a midwest-differences between the sample and control groupswere found. 49% of the sample group had beenern county, was based on documented records of1,575 court cases of physical abuse, sexual abuse,arrested, 18% for violent crime; whereas only 38%of the control group had been arrested, 14% forand neglect. At the time the cases came to court, allof the children were under age eleven, and theviolent crime.(7) Preliminary findings indicate a need formean age was about six. To isolate the effects ofabuse and neglect from those of other variablescriminal justice and social service agencies to take aproactive, preventive stance to stop the cycle ofsuch as gender, race, and poverty, researchers cre-ated a control group whose members matched theviolence.14. Which of the following is the most accurate defi-18. One reason for the difference in violent crimerates between the 1988 and 1994 phases of thenition of the term control group(in the secondstudy was thatparagraph)?a.a group of subjects selected to make sure thea.victims were closer to the age of peak violentactivity in 1988.results of an experiment are not caused by afactor other than the one being studiedb.most victims who were prone to violence hadalready committed crimes in 1988.b.a group of scientists selected to watch theexperimenter to make sure there are no seri-c. more victims evinced emotional problems byattempting suicide in 1994.ous mistakes in methodd.more victims had passed through the age ofc. a group of objective lay observers selected topeak violent activity in 1994.make sure the experiment is not biasedd.a group of subjects who do not know the19. One objective of the studies was toobject of the experimenta.recommend greater participation by social15. How did the number of arrests of physicallyservice agencies.b.analyze statistics for traffic violations.abused youth relate to that of neglected youth?c. generate information about an individual’sa.They were 25% lower.potential crime pattern.b.They were slightly lower.d.separate physical abuse from sexual abuse.c. They were nearly the same.d.They were 25% higher.