2-Special cases
a. Active: s1+ verb1( say/believe/think....) (that) +S2+verb2...
Passive:
Cỏch 1: It + be + PP (verb1) + s2 + verb2 ....
Cỏch 2: S2+ be+ PP (verb1) + to- infinitive (verb2)...
Ex: People say that he is crazy.
Passive:
It is said that he is crazy
He is said to be crazy.
b. Negatives
Ex1: No-one has cleaned the floor lately.
Passive: The floor hasn’t been cleaned lately
Ex2: We didn’t do anything about it.
Passive: Nothing was done about it.
c. Who + V + object ... ?
Passive: - By whom... ?
- Who... by ?
Ex: Who wrote this novel ?
Passive:
- By whom was this novel written ?
- Who was this novel written by ?
d. It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth
Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + PP
Ex: It is important to finish this exercise.
It is important for this exercise to be finished
e. Bare-infinitive + object
Passive:
Let + object + be + PP
S + be + allowed / advised/asked/ supposed/ .... + to infinitive
Ex1:
Please open the door
Let the door be opened
Ex2:
Turn on the light
You are supposed to turn on the light.
f. Causative form ( thức mệnh lệnh)
Active:
- She + have + sb+ bare-infinitive + st
- S + get + sb + to- infinitive + sth
- S + have + sth + PP
- S + get + sth + PP
Ex1:
She has had someone repaint the car
She has had the car repainted
They got me to do the housework
They got the housework done.
RELATIVE CLAUSE
Introduction ( giới thiệu).
Mệnh đề quan hệ/ mệnh đề tớnh từ là mệnh đề phụ trong cõu (khụng thể đứng riờng một mỡnh). Nú bắt đầu
bằng:
a. relative pronouns (đại từ quan hệ) : WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE, THAT.
b relative adverbs (trạng từ liờn hệ) : WHERE, WHEN, WHY.
Ex1: A man who dares to do it dares to do anything.
Ex2: We talked to the man who was from Beijing.
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