2. What would be your first troubleshooting step? What should you do if that first
step does not work?
Chapter Summary
■ Microsoft’s implementation of TCP/IP provides a robust, scalable, cross-platform
client/server framework that is supported by most large networks, including the
Internet. The TCP/IP suite of protocols maps to a four-layer conceptual model that
includes the following layers: network access, Internet, transport, and application.
■ Each TCP/IP host is identified by a logical IP address that identifies a computer’s
location on the network. The IP address is composed of a network ID and a host
ID. A subnet mask determines which portion of the IP address is the network ID
and which portion is the host ID. You can configure Windows XP to use a static
IP address or to obtain an IP address automatically. When configured to obtain an
address automatically, Windows first attempts to lease an IP address from a DHCP
server. If a DHCP server is unavailable, Windows XP assigns itself an IP address
using APIPA.
■ The DNS database is indexed by name, so each domain (node) must have a name.
The hierarchical structure of the domain namespace consists of a root domain,
top-level domains, second-level domains, and host names.
■ DNS name servers resolve forward and reverse lookup queries. A forward lookup
query resolves a name to an IP address, and a reverse lookup query resolves an IP
address to a name. A name server can resolve a query only for a zone for which
it has authority. If a name server cannot resolve the query, it passes the query to
other name servers that can resolve it. The name server caches the query results to
reduce the DNS traffic on the network.
■ When configuring a DNS client in an environment in which there are DNS name
servers, you can configure the client to obtain the address of the DNS server auto-
matically from a DHCP server or you can manually enter multiple addresses for
DNS servers.
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