4. A. experience B. economics C. cosmetics D. fertility
Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 5 to 12.
It is commonly believed that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has
been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The difference between
schooling and education implied by this remark is important.
Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no
limits. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in the kitchen or on
a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in school and the whole universe of
informal learning. The agent (doer) of education can vary from respected grandparents to the people
arguing about politics on the radio, from a child to a famous scientist. Whereas schooling has a
certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a
stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People receive
education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term; it is a lifelong process, a
process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be a necessary part of one's
entire life.
Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little
from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at about the same time,
take the assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and
so on. The pieces of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding
of the workings of governments, have been limited by the subjects being taught. For example, high
school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political
problems in their society or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are clear and
undoubted conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.
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