A.APPROPRIATE B.SECRETARY C.ACCURACY D.AMBULANCEREAD THE FOLLOWING PA...

Câu 3: A.appropriate B.secretary C.accuracy D.ambulanceRead the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate thecorrect answer:The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the bodytakes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in thenineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the firsttime that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foodsprovided different amounts of these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studiesdemonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectifiedby providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods.The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called "thevitamin period." Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and deficiency syndromes were described.As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it becametempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effectivetreatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started tobecome more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences.Much of the focus of this education was on the recognition of vitamin deficiency symptoms. Hereinlay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritionaltherapies in medicine. Reckless claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond whatcould actually be achieved from the use ofthem.In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950's to mid-1960's, vitamin therapy began to fallinto disrepute. Concomitant with this, nutrition education in medical schools also became lesspopular. It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin salesskyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins andliterature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions.Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated. As is known inretrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies are much less effective when applied to health-crisisconditions than when applied to long-term problems of under nutrition that lead to chronic healthproblems.