A. ELECTRICITY B. ELECTRONIC C. ELECTRIC D. ELECTRICAL II....

10. A. electricity B. electronic C. electric D. electrical

II. Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question (10

points):

Not long ago, written communication was slow. In the past, you (1). . . …

communicate with someone (2) . . . letter. They would receive the (3). . .

from you several days or weeks after you sent it, though. Sometimes, that must have (4). . .

. . . .very annoying! For example, you couldn’t send a letter (5). . .

someone to your party (6). . . .. . . you sent it at least a week before.

Today, though, with e-mail and text messages, we can send a (7). . .

message to someone (8). . . .. . . and we don’t have to go to the post office or pay for

a (9). . . .. . ! It’s now easier than ever to stay in touch with friends and relations

wherever they are in the world. Now you can decide to have a party in the (10). . . ,

and your friends will be there in the evening. That’s great, isn’t it?

III. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer

sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. (10 pts)

Culture is a word in common use with complex meanings, and is derived, like the

term broadcasting, from the treatment and care of the soil and of what grows on it. It is

directly related to cultivation and the adjectives cultural and cultured are part of the same

verbal complex. A person of culture has identifiable attributes, among them a

knowledge of and interest in the arts, literature, and music. Yet the word culture does not

refer solely to such knowledge and interest nor, indeed, to education. At least from the

19th century onwards, under the influence of anthropologists and sociologists, the word

culture has come to be used generally both in the singular and the plural (cultures) to

refer to a whole way of life of people, including their customs, laws, conventions, and

values

Distinctions have consequently been drawn between primitive and advanced

culture and cultures, between elite and popular culture, between popular and mass

culture, and most recently between national and global cultures. Distinctions have been

drawn too between culture and civilization; the latter is a word derived not, like culture or

agriculture, from the soil, but from the city. The two words are sometimes treated as

synonymous. Yet this is misleading. While civilization and barbarism are pitted against

each other in what seems to be a perpetual behavioural pattern, the use of the word

culture has been strongly influenced by conceptions of evolution in the 19th century and

of development in the 20th century. Cultures evolve or develop. They are not static. They

have twists and turns. Styles change. So do fashions. There are cultural processes. What,

for example, the word cultured means has changed substantially since the study of

classical (that is, Greek and Roman) literature, philosophy, and history ceased in the 20th

century to be central to school and university education. No single alternative focus

emerged, although with computers has come electronic culture, affecting kinds of study,

and most recently digital culture. As cultures express themselves in new forms not

everything gets better or more civilized.

The multiplicity of meanings attached to the word made and will make it difficult

to define. There is no single, unproblematic definition, although many attempts have been

made to establish one. The only non-problematic definitions go back to agricultural

meaning (for example, cereal culture or strawberry culture) and medical meaning (for

example, bacterial culture or penicillin culture). Since in anthropology and sociology we

also acknowledge culture clashes, culture shock, and counter-culture, the range of

reference is extremely wide.