000 YEARS AGO IN AFRICA AND SUBSEQUENTLY REPLACED ARCHAIC HUMANS S...

200,000 years ago in Africa and subsequently replaced archaic humans such as the Neandertals. Theother model, known as multi-regional evolution or regional continuity, posits far more ancient anddiverse roots for our kind. Proponents of this view believe that homo sapiens arose in Africa some 2million years ago and evolved as a single species spread across the Old World, with populations indifferent regions linked through genetic and cultural exchange.Of these two models, Out of Africa, which was originally developed based on fossil evidence, andsupported by much genetic research, has been favored by the majority of evolution scholars. The vastmajority of these genetic studies have focused on DNA from living populations, and although somesmall progress has been made in recovering DNA from Neandertal that appears to support multi-regionalism, the chance of recovering nuclear DNA from early human fossils is quite slim at present.Fossils thus remain very much a part of the human origins debate.Another means of gathering theoretical evidence is through bones. Examinations of early modernhuman skulls from Central Europe and Australia dated to between 20,000 and 30,000 years old havesuggested that both groups apparently exhibit traits seen in their Middle Eastern and Africanpredecessors. But the early modern specimens from Central Europe also display Neandertal traits, andthe early modern Australians showed affinities to archaic Homofrom Indonesia. Meanwhile, the debateamong paleoanthropologists continues , as supporters of the two hypotheses challenge the evidenceand conclusions of each other.(Source: www.coursehero.com)Question 38: The passage primarily discusses which of the following?A: Evidence that supports the "Out of Africa" theory.B: Two hypotheses and some evidence on the human origins debateC: The difficulties in obtaining agreement among theorists on the human origins debateD: That fossils remain very much a part of the human origins debateQuestion 39: The word "emergence" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______A: complexity B: development C: appearance D: declineQuestion 40: All of the following statements are true EXCEPT ______A: three methods of gathering evidence are mentioned in the passageB: the multi-regional model goes back further in historyC: the "Out of Africa" model has had more support from scholarsD: DNA studies offer one of the best ways in future to provide clear evidenceQuestion 41: Which of the following is NOT true?A: The vast majority of genetic studies have focused on living populationsB: Early modern human skulls all support the same conclusionsC: Both hypotheses focus on Africa as a location for the new speciesD: Early modern Australian skulls have similarities to those from IndonesiaQuestion 42: The word "their" in the passage refers to ______A: Middle Easterners and Africans B: skullsC: central Europeans and Australians D: traitsQuestion 43: Which of the following is NOT true about the two hypotheses?A: Both hypotheses regard Neanderthals to be the predecessors of modern humansB: Genetic studies have supported both hypothesesC: Both hypotheses cite Africa as an original locationD: One hypothesis dates the emergence of homo sapiens much earlier than the otherQuestion 44: It can be inferred from the passage that ______A: there is likely to be an end to the debate in the near futureB: the debate will interest historians to take part inC: the debate is likely to be less important in futureD: there is little likelihood that the debate will die downB: DNA from Neanderthal appears to support multi-regionalismQuestion 45: According to the passage, the multi-regional evolution model posits far more diverseroots for our kind because ______A: evidence from examinations of early modern human skulls has come from a number of differentparts of the world.C: populations in different regions were linked through genetic and cultural exchangD: this has been supported by fossil evidenceMark the letter A,B,C or D to indicate the sentences that is closest in meaning to each of the followingquestions: