______________________ WAS THE FIRST SPACECRAFT TO VISIT MARS.A. V...

70. ______________________ was the first spacecraft to visit Mars.

A. Viking 1 B. Mariner 4 C. Phoenix D. Viking 2

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct

answer to each of the questions

The area that first became New Amsterdam, and eventually New York City, was first referred to as Man-A-

Hat-Ta, by the local Indians. The name meant "Heavenly land". It was first visited by the French explorer

Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524. Verrazzano explored much of America's northeast coast, including the

waters around New York City and Long Island. Today, one of the world's longest bridges, the Verrazzano

Narrows Bridge, in New York City, is named for him.

The first people to settle the area were the Dutch. Henry Hudson explored the region and named the

world's largest tidal river, The Hudson River, after himself. Hudson's explorations, from Albany to New York

City, provided the impetus for the Dutch to colonize the region. The Dutch quickly built a settlement and a

network of roads. Some of the roads, such as Broadway and Pearl Street are still in use today.

Peter Minuet arrived the following year and bought Man-A-Hat Ta from the local Indians for about 24 dollars

worth of beads and trinkets. Man-A-Hat Ta itself was not inhabited by Indians. Nevertheless, Man-A-Hat Ta

became known as New Amsterdam and Minuet became its first governor. New Amsterdam's geographic

location made it a popular destination for many. It welcomed settlers from all cultures and religions. The

first Jewish synagogue in the New World was built at New Amsterdam in 1640. Dutch colonists soon spread

out to areas surrounding New Amsterdam such as Long Island and parts of current upstate New York. Rapid

growth and burgeoning populations resulted in widespread chaos throughout New Amsterdam. In 1647,

Peter Stuyvesant was elected governor. Stuyvesant ruled the city in a stern manner for seventeen years

which quelled the chaos and brought much success.

Soon, English Puritans emigrated from New England to New Amsterdam. The industrious Puritans quickly

gained political and economic power and imposed strict rules upon the population including fines for

singing and public whippings for more serious "offenses". After a series of natural disasters and

phenomena struck such as a meteor, an earthquake, and unusually warm weather through the winter of