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§Ò THI Sè 2

Question 1: Read the reading passage and then choose the best answer a,b,c or d. It would be hard to cite a development that has had more impact on American industry thanthe Bessemer process of making steel.It made possible the production of low-cost steel andestablished the foundation of the modern steel industrỵIn many ways it was responsible for therapid industrialization of the United States that took place in the formative period of the late1800s. The first Bessemer plant in the United States was built in Wyandotte,Michigan,in 1864, nearthe end of the Civil War.It was capable of producing only 2 tons of steel ingots at a timẹTheingots were rolled into rails-the first steel rails made in the United States. Acceptance of theprocess was initially slow.By 1870,the annual output of Bessemer steel was a mere 42 thousandtons.Production grew rapidly after about 1875,rising to 1.2 million tons in 1880,when itexceeded that of wrought iron for the first timẹ The rise of the ỤS.steel industry in the last quarter of the nineteenth century was broughtabout largely by the demand for Bessemer steel rails for the nation’s burgeoning railnetwork.Steel rails were far more durable than those made of iron.Spurred by this demand,theỤS.steel industry became the largest in the world in 1886,when it surpassed that of GreatBritain. The Bessemer process was the chief method of making steel until 1907,when it was overtakenby the open-hearth process.By the 1950s,the Bessemer process accounted for less than 3 percentof the total ỤS.production.