WHAT WOULD BE THE MOST SUITABLE TITLE FOR THIS EXTRACT

8. What would be the most suitable title for this extract? A. A change of direction B. Great expectations C. An unlucky beginning D. Pressures of fame Question 8 : Fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage below: New drivers could be asked to play a sophisticated video game as part of their training and driving test, under proposals to be announced by transport ministers next week. The Department of Transport has been considering a test devised by researchers which tests people’s “ hazard and perception…( 1 )…”, that is how quickly they are aware of a dangerous situation and how quickly they react to it.This is a particular weak point of new and learner drivers. Dr Frank McKenna, the psychologist heading the £200,000 research project, says: ‘…( 2 )... people, despite popular belief and, particularly their own estimation of their driving, do not have faster reaction times than older drivers. Although they may be slightly quicker once they notice something dangerous, they are much…( 3 )…at spotting a possible crisis. Dr McKenna says that the video is a much better tool for training and testing than written questionnaires, which were an alternative suggestion put forward in a consultation paper by the department last August:”…( 4 )…may be cheaper, though they are quite expensive to mark, but there is no relationship between being good at answering the questions and being good at avoiding accidents.” Rather than developing a…( 5 )…programme involving high technology, Dr McKenna has concentrated on a scheme that could be carried out quickly and cheaply.” There will be no excuse for not implementing this test.” Drivers being assessed watch a ten-minute video and push a button as soon as they see a dangerous …( 6 )….While some of the situations on the video were acted by the research team, several were not, including a dangerously wobbly cyclist who cuts across traffic to go along the white line in the middle of the road, and a woman stepping out into the traffic from a bus stop. Dr McKenna is working on research funded by the Economic and Social Research Council on how drivers judge their own driving skills. His preliminary work suggests that people usually think that their skills are above average which of course, is a nonsense statistically . Indeed, in one…( 7 )…survey in the US not one person from a large sample thought their skills were below average. He believes that one way of reducing road deaths is to get people to realize that they are not as good as they think. He gets them to think of an accident they have…( 8 )…and then to imagine the results. This traing is successful at making drivers more careful and Dr McKenna hopes it may become a routine part of driver instruction. Question 9 : The article below is not complete and logical. Eight paragraphs have been removed from it. Find out one of the suitable paragraphs ( A- I ), then insert it into the gaps ( 1- 8 ) where it should be to make the article a good one. There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use: ADMIRING THE SKILLS OF THE AMERICAN SKYWRITERS Skywriting isn’t quite a dying art, but you have to scan the American skies pretty carefully these days to find white smoke puffing out a message. Skywriters have a skill that’s seen by nearly all, but no more than a dozen pilots in the USA regularly practise it. 1 With this information, gunners on the ground could more easily aim their fire at the enemy beneath the smoke. In the mid-1920s a US company began the first advertising campaign in the sky, promoting cigarettes. The plane flew over Philadelphia sending out a message in the air to the people below. This is how skywriting began and it has continue to fascinate us. 2 The memory of that moment stayed with him when he followed in his father’s footsteps as a pilot and now, as head of the Aerial Sign Company in Hollywood, it comes back when he puts floating adverts up in the sky himself. 3 He says the pilots need to be highly skilled: Most skywriters work about two miles high. Everything has to be square, otherwise it’s simply poor penmanship that everybody sees. You have to know where your plane is at all times. 4 Together they try it out on the runway, taking half-steps at different corners and turning at angles to be followed in the sky later on. 5 Pepsi-Cola certainly agrees. Fourteen years ago the soft drink company, searching for someone to carry on a tradition begun in the early 1930s, looked through some 3,000 applicants for a skywriter, and chose a 21-year-old woman pilot from Oregon. 6 She says that when you are two miles away from your audience, you forget how big an impression it makes on the people below. Kids stop playing ball and traffic comes to a complete standstill. You can’t actually see while she ‘s writing, of course. But during the descent and on landing she can look back and see what she’s written. 7 Children come up to Asbury- Oliver after her shows. She says that they are really curious because they are learning and form their own letters and they imagine her aeroplane as apencil. Their parents are often surprised when they meet her. 8 Each letter is about half a mile across, so a simple IT’S FESTIVAL TIME !, including punctuation and spacing, takes up about eight miles of sky ! THE REMOVED PARAGRAPHS : A. Butler’s newest pupil is his 26- year- old son, and Dad shows Junior a diagram he has sketched out to put his wife’s name,Regla, up in the air. The drawing looks like her name backwards, as if in a mirror, with arrows, angles, numbers of seconds, and dotted lines showing the pilot what to do. B. Today that same woman, Suzanne Asbury-Oliver, flies twenty or thirty times a year above festivals and fairs. Suzanne and her husband, Steve,who flies aerobatic manoeuvres, live in Colorado but keep their plane in Illinois. C. Jim Butler remembers the day as a kid in the 1950s in New Hampshire when he looked up from his backyard to see a plane writing in the skies. D. “You’d think it was nothing special to have a woman skywriter, but parents will bring their little girls to meet me. At first they ‘ll approach my husband and say,” Look what he did,” and he’ll say,” No, she did that.” They’re astonished.” E. She gets great pleasure out of doing it well.” If it’s a beautiful day and the letters are staying, you say to yourself, I did a good job. If a letter isn’t quiteright, you become your own worst critic, and you say, I can’t believe I did that.” F. What’s more,Butler doesn’t get as much business from industry as he used to and isn’t sure how much longer he will continue training skywtiters. G. “For me to train a skywriter,” Butler says, in his office at North Perry Airport,” they have to be able to fly straight and parallel lines and judge their work without using equipment.” H. “Women are better students in skywriting,” Butler continues, back inside.” They pay more attention to detail, and they’re less likely to depart from procedure.” I. The art began almost eighty years ago in the skies over Europe during the First World War, when a British pilot squirted some light oil into his plane’s exhaust system to make a mid-air spot of smoke above an enemy position. PART IV : WRITING ( 4.0 pts ) Question 10 : For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original one, but using the word given.This word must not be altered in any way: Example: ( o ) There was no conclusion at the end of the workshop. Conclude They did not conclude anything at the end of the workshop.