MARK THE LETTER A, B, C OR D ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET TO INDICATE THE COR...

Câu 41: Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to the

following question.

I am sure that everything will be all right

A. in the end B. for the end C. by the end D. at the end

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the

correct answer to each of the questions from 42 to 48.

Even before the turn of the century, movies began to develop in two major directions: the realistic

and the formalistic. Realism and formalism are merely general, rather than absolute terms. When

used to suggest a tendency toward either polarity, such labels can be helpful, but in the end they are

still just labels. Few films are exclusively formalist in style, and fewer yet are completely realist.

There is also an important difference between realism and reality, although this distinction is often

forgotten. Realism is a particular style, whereas physical reality is the source of all the raw materials

of film, both realistic and formalistic. Virtually all movie directors go to the photographable world

for their subject matter, but what they do with this material - how they shape and manipulate it -

determines their stylistic emphasis.

Generally speaking, realistic films attempt to reproduce the surface of concrete reality with a

minimum of distortion. In photographing objects and events, the filmmaker tries to suggest the

copiousness of life itself. Both realist and formalist film directors must select (and hence emphasize)

certain details from the chaotic sprawl of reality. But the element of selectivity in realistic films is

less obvious. Realists, in short, try to preserve the illusion that their film world is unmanipulated, an

objective mirror of the actual world. Formalists, on the other hand, make no such pretense. They

deliberately stylize and distort their raw materials so that only the very naive would mistake a

manipulated image of an object or event for the real thing.

We rarely notice the style in a realistic movie; the artist tends to be self-effacing. Some

filmmakers are more concerned with what is being shown than how it is manipulated. The camera is

used conservatively. It is essentially a recording mechanism that reproduces the surface of tangible

objects with as little commentary as possible. A high premium is placed on simplicity, spontaneity,

and directness. This is not to suggest that these movies lack artistry, however, for at its best the

realistic cinema specializes in art that conceals art.