A. DECIMAL B. EMPEROR C. MEMORISE D. INTERVENEA. DECIMAL B. EMPEROR C....

Câu 45:

A. decimal

B. emperor

C. memorise

D. intervene

IX. Read the following passage on commuting, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet

to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions:

The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in

and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century

and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained

constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of

these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was

associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein

associated with certain foods.

The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called "the vitamin

period." Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and

deficiency syndromes were described. As

vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became

tempting

to

suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might

be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested

in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences. Much of the focus of this

education was on the recognition of vitamin deficiency symptoms. Herein lay the beginning of what

ultimately turned from

ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine.

Reckless

claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond what could actually be achieved from the

use of

them.

In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950's to mid-1960's, vitamin therapy began to fall into

disrepute.

Concomitant with

this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular. It was

just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales

skyrocketing

and were

quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue

of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions. Expectations as to the success of vitamins in

disease control were exaggerated. As is known in retrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies are much less

effective when applied to health-crisis conditions than when applied to long-term problems of under

nutrition that lead to chronic health problems.