A. DECIMAL B. EMPEROR C. MEMORISE D. INTERVENEA. DECIMAL B. EMPEROR C....
Câu 45:
A. decimal
B. emperor
C. memorise
D. intervene
IX. Read the following passage on commuting, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet
to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions:
The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in
and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century
and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained
constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of
these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was
associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein
associated with certain foods.
The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called "the vitamin
period." Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and
deficiency syndromes were described. As
vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became
tempting
to
suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might
be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested
in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences. Much of the focus of this
education was on the recognition of vitamin deficiency symptoms. Herein lay the beginning of what
ultimately turned from
ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine.
Reckless
claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond what could actually be achieved from the
use of
them.
In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950's to mid-1960's, vitamin therapy began to fall into
disrepute.
Concomitant with
this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular. It was
just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales
skyrocketing
and were
quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue
of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions. Expectations as to the success of vitamins in
disease control were exaggerated. As is known in retrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies are much less
effective when applied to health-crisis conditions than when applied to long-term problems of under
nutrition that lead to chronic health problems.