5, COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH A WORD OR SHORT PHRASE. (1.0 POINT) V...

1-5, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. (1.0 point)

VOLUNTEER AT CHILDREN’S UNIVERSITY

The Children's University was started (1) _________ years ago.

This year the topic and overall theme was (2)____________ .

Laura's group gave some workshops about how (3) ____________ is made.

At the end of the Children's University there was a (4) _____________ ceremony.

Children who attended the most workshops received a gold (5)____________ each.

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II. READING (2.0 points)

PART 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the

correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 5. (1.0 point)

Most journeys in Britain and the US are made by road. Some of these are made on public

transport but most are by private car.

In Britain many people rely on their cars for daily local activities, e.g. getting to work, doing

the shopping, and visiting friends. People living in urban areas may use buses, trains or, in

London, the Underground, to get to city centers, mainly because traffic is often heavy and it

is difficult to find anywhere to park a car. Some places in the country may have a bus only

two or three times a week so people living there have no choice but to rely on their cars.

In the US large cities have good public transportation systems. The El railroad in Chicago

and the underground systems of New York, Boston, San Francisco and Washington DC are

heavily used. Elsewhere, most Americans prefer to use their cars. Families often have

two cars and, outside major cities, have to drive fairly long distances to schools, offices,

shops, banks, etc. Many college and even high-school students have their own cars.

Long-distance travel in Britain is also mainly by road, though railways link most towns and

cities. Most places are linked by motorways or other fast roads and many people prefer to

drive at their own convenience rather than use a train, even though they may get stuck in a

traffic jam. Long- distance coach/bus services are usually a cheaper alternative to trains, but

they take longer and may be less comfortable. Some long-distance travel, especially that

undertaken for business reasons, may be by air. There are regular flights between regional

airports, as well as to and from London. A lot of freight is also distributed by road, though

heavier items and raw materials often go by rail.

In the US much long-distance travel is by air. America has two main long-distance bus

companies, Greyhound and Trailways. Amtrak, the national network, provides rail services

for passengers. Private railway companies such as Union Pacific now carry only freight,

though in fact over 70% of freight goes by road.

The main problems associated with road transport in both Britain and the US are traffic

congestion and pollution. It is predicted that the number of cars on British roads will increase

by a third within a few years, making both these problems worse. The British government

would like more people to use public transport, but so far they have had little success in

persuading people to give up their cars or to share rides with neighbours. Most people say

that public transport is simply not good enough. Americans too have resisted government

requests to share cars because it is less convenient and restricts their freedom. Petrol/gasoline

is relatively cheap in the US and outside the major cities public transport is bad, so they

see no reason to use their cars less.

(Extracted from Oxford Guide to British and American Culture, Oxford University Press, 2000)