N 1Α = − =AΑ =AN = ×A AL A0 1A A NAΑ =A =A(1) (N SỐ A) (2) (3) Α Α Β= −A ;A A( )AΑ Β =AΑ Β

1. Các công thức:

n

1

α

=

−

=

a

^α

=

a

n

= ×

a a

L

a

0

1

a

a

n

a

^α

=

a

=

a

(1)

(

n

số

a

)

(2)

(3)

α

α β

=

−

a

;

a

a

( )

a

^{α β}

=

a

^{α β}

.

;

a a

^α

× =

^β

a

^{α β}

⁺

;

β

(5)

(6)

(4)

α

α

a

a

;

m

 ÷

 

  =

α

( )

ab

^α

=

a b

^α

×

^α

;

b

b

n

n

a

^α

=

a

=

a

(9)

(7)

(8)

(

0)

b

=

b

b

>

n

(8)

^{n p}

^a

=

( )

ⁿ

^a

^p

⁽

^a

>

⁰⁾

(7)

ⁿ

ab

=

ⁿ

a b

.

ⁿ

a

a

b

( )

^p

⁽

⁰⁾

n p

a

=

n

a

a

>

m n

a

=

mn

a

b

=

b

>

(11)

(12)

(10)