P. 54; R. RANSFORD (ED.),THE EARLY CHARTERS OF THE AUGUSTINIAN C...

1920, p. 54; R. Ransford (ed.),

The early charters of the Augustinian canons of

Waltham Abbey, Essex, 1062±1230, Woodbridge, Suffolk 1989, pp. lxxiv,

lxxv, nos. 165, 169±74).

The Pipe Rolls and numerous attestations of royal charters show that

William was active in Henry II's service from 1154. William participated in

Henry II's campaign in Brittany in 1166 and was appointed seneschal of

Rennes when Henry II assumed control of the duchy. William remained in

this of®ce until 1172, when he returned to England as castellan of

Winchester. From then until his death, William served as a royal justice in

England. Apart from the pro®ts of his of®ce, William received royal grants of

land in England, but his greatest reward was marriage to Gunnora, the

heiress of Hubert de Saint-Clair, with her lands in Essex, Hertfordshire and

Northamptonshire (J. H. Round (ed.),

Rotuli de dominabus et pueris et puellis

de

xii

comitatibus (1185), Pipe Roll Society,

xxxv, London, 1913, pp. 47,

notes 1, 66, 70, 80; see also S. A. Moore (ed.),

Cartularium monasterii Sancti

Johannis Baptiste de Colecestria, 2 vols., London, 1897, pp. 153±63, 197±9).

William was dead by 1185, probably dying in early 1182, leaving his eldest

son William still an infant (Pipe Roll, 28 Henry II, p. 108;

Rotuli de dominabus,

p. 80, where presumably the ®gure `.lx.' for William junior's age is a

mistake).

Reginald Boterel (1181)

A single reference to Reginald Boterel as seneschal of Rennes in 1181 is the

only record of him serving Henry II. He was much more prominent as a

tenant of the honour of Richmond and courtier of Geoffrey and Constance,

hence biographical details have been published in

Charters, `Biographical

Notes', p. 185±6.

other royal agents in brittany, 1158±1175Hamo Boterel (1158, 1162)

Hamo was probably a younger brother of William Boterel, the constable of

Wallingford under the Empress Matilda, and the Richmond tenant Peter

Boterel, and hence the uncle of Reginald (see

Charters, pp. 185±6; cf.

EYC,

iv, p. 53). Farmer of the royal manor of Hurstbourne Tarrant (Hants.), from

before 1155 until 1165 or 1166, and forester of Doiley wood in the same

parish until 1156 (Pipe Rolls 2±12 Henry II, 1155/56±1165/66;

VCH: Hamp-

shire,

iv, pp. 319±20). He probably joined Conan's household in England in

1156 (EYC,

iv, pp. 37±9). Hamo attested a charter of Henry II at Salisbury,

probably in February/March 1158, with William ®tzHamo (Itinerary, p. 35).

Shortly afterwards he appears with Conan IV at Rennes, where he attested

three of Conan's charters made 22 April ± 29 September 1158 (EYC,

iv, pp.

45±8).

One of these states that Ralph de FougeÁres, Rolland de Dinan and Hamo

Boterel `dapifer', all gave counsel (EYC,

iv, p. 45). In the other two charters,

Hamo's name appears in association with the same two barons, who were

the young duke's most important supporters. Further evidence of this

association is Ralph de FougeÁres' grant to Hamo of his property in

Winchester (N. Vincent, `Twyford under the Bretons 1066±1250',

Not-

tingham Medieval Studies

41 (1997), 80±99 at 83). It is unlikely that one so

comparatively humble should rise so high in the duke's counsels in such a

short time, and the explanation may be that Hamo was the king's agent at

Conan's court. The title `dapifer' probably applied to Hamo as the king's

agent, rather than as a member of the ducal household. It would seem to be

in this capacity that he attested Henry II's charter at Vitre (BL ms Lansdowne