NO MATTER WHO YOU ARE CONNECTED AS, THE PARAMETER IS STATIC AND WILL THEREFORE REQUIRE A SCOPE=SPFILE CLAUSE WHEN CHANGING IT

12. þ D. No matter who you are connected as, the parameter is static and will

therefore require a SCOPE=SPFILE clause when changing it.

ý A, B, and C. A is wrong because SYSTEM can adjust the parameter (as can

anyone to whom the ALTER SYSTEM privilege has been granted). B is wrong

because the parameter can be changed in any mode—if the SCOPE is SPFILE.

C is wrong because the system administrator cannot change parameters: only

a database administrator can do this.