28. A comparison between the survey data containing projections of the CCI and TELI and the
actual CCI and TELI most likely exhibits:
A. a status quo trap.
B. a recallability trap.
C. ex post risk being a biased measure of ex ante risk.
Answer = C
“Capital Market Expectations,” John P. Calverley, Alan M. Meder, Brian D. Singer, and Renato
Staub
2013 Modular Level III, Vol. 3, Reading 18, Section 2.2.4
Study Session 6–18–b, d
Discuss in relation to capital markets expectations, the limitations of economic data, data
measurement errors and biases, the limitations of historical estimates, ex post risk as a biased
measure of ex ante risk, biases in analysts’ methods, the failure to account for conditioning
information, the misinterpretation of correlations, psychological traps, and model uncertainty.
Explain the use of survey and panel methods and judgment in setting capital markets
expectations.
C is correct. As stated, the projections in the survey data tended to be more volatile than the
actual outcomes over the same time period. This finding indicates that the ex post risk (i.e., the
volatility of the actual data) tends to have a downward bias relative to the ex ante risk displayed
by the survey data. This result is evidence of ex post risk being a biased measure of ex ante risk.
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