THE TREES _______________A. IN THE BACKYARD WERE GROWN YESTERDAY BY...

40.The trees _______________A. in the backyard were grown yesterday by John B. were grown in the backyard by John yesterdayC. were grown by John yesterday in the backyard D. were grown in the backyard yesterdayby JohnRead the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 41 to 50.Collecting coins can be a good investment, but it requires the study of popularity,availability, and grading techniques. Some coins are more desirable than others, their popularitybeing affected by the artists’ talent, the subject of design, the material from which the coin is made,and the time period when the coin was created. Availability is just as critical. Providing the coin isotherwise interesting or pleasing to the eye, the number of coins minted and available on themarket seems to have a direct relationship to the popularity.The ability to grade coins is perhaps the most important requirement of a collector. A cointhat is popular and scarce, which would normally make it valuable, may be worth much less ornothing at all if it has a low grade. Grading is standardized, and one can buy books and takecourses on how to do it.Grades are given letter designations as well as numbers. The letters represent generallevels of the grade, while the numbers are more detailed/ For example, there re 11 number gradeswithin the letter grade for a mint state coin. A mint state coin is uncirculated, which means it hasnever been used in commerce. It is in the condition that it left the mint, the place where a coin iscreated. The mint state letter designation is MS, and the numbers range from 60 through 70. Anabsolutely perfect coin is MS-70. It takes much training and a good eye to tell the differencebetween coins in this range. The things one considers include whether the coin has contact marks,which are marks obtained when coins bounce against each other in a coin bag; hairlines, whichare marks appearing on the face of the coin from the minting process; luster, which is the naturalcoloration; and eye appeal. For example, an MS-70 is said to have no contact marks, no hairlines,very attractive and fully original luster, and outstanding eye appeal, while an MS-60 may haveheavy contact marks, noticeable hairlines, impaired luster, and poor eye appeal.Below the mint state coin, the letter designation and number have the same meaning. Thatis, there are generally no numbers within the range of letters. But there are categories: Coins that are About Uncirculated: Very Choice About Uncirculated, known as AU-58;Choice About Uncirculated, known as AU-55; and About Uncirculated, known as AU-50. Coins that are Fine: Choice Extremely Fine, known as EF-45; Extremely Fine, known asEF-40; Choice Very Fine, known as VF-30; Very Fine, known as VF-20; and Fine, known asF-12. Coins that are Good: Very Good, known as VG-8; Good, known as G-4; and About Good,known as AG-3.Thus, a circulated coin can have a number designation between 3 and 58, with only thenumbers shown above available. That is, one can not have a coin with a grade of 6, for example. Itis either G-4 or VG-8. It is possible for a coin labeled G-4 or even AG-3 to be extremely valuable,but generally it will be a coin that is almost unavailable in higher grades. Books and publicationsmonitor the coin market regularly, just like the stock market is monitored, and they described acoin’s type, date, and grade, assigning a price to every one unless that grade would have novalue.In general, coin collectors loathe cleaned coins, so artificial cleaning by adding anychemical will detract greatly from a coin’s value. A true coin collector will say the dirt in the creasesis a positive attribute and much preferable to a leaned coin.