139PREFIX NOTATION, 351–352HEADERS, 145PREPARING FOR EXAM, 337–33...
134, 139
prefix notation, 351–352
headers, 145
preparing for exam, 337–338, 476–478
reserved IP addresses, avoiding, 476
639
UTP (unshielded twisted pair) cabling
tools for generating network attacks, 157
primary functions of, 133
connection establishment and
traceroute command, 486–487
transmit power of APs, 311
termination, 142–143
data segmentation, 144–145
transport layers. See also Layer 4
OSI model, 34
error recovery, 140–141
TCP/IP architectural model, 25–27
flow control, 141
troubleshooting
multiplexing using TCP port numbers,
135–137
with CDP, 277–282
ordered data transfer, 144–145
host routing problems, 482–483
segments, 144
interfaces
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/
Layer 1 problems, 287–289
speed/duplex issues, 284–287
Internet Protocol), 21–22
adjacent-layer interaction, 26–27
status codes, 282–284
IP routing scenarios, 491–504
application layer, 23–25
problem isolation at specific OSI layers,
applications
DNS, 139
274–276
FTP, 139
trunks, 58
twisted pair, 54
QoS needs, 146–147
Type fields, 67–68
SNMP, 139
TCP, 139
well-known port numbers, 139
U
WWW, 139, 149–152
UAA (universally administered addresses), 64
comparing to TCP/IP architectural model,
UDP (User Datagram Protocol), 145
32–33
data encapsulation, 31–32
multiplexing, 135
Internet layer, 27–28
unicast addresses, 174–175
network access layer, 28–30
unknown unicast frames, 178
QoS, need for, 148–149
unused interfaces, securing, 259–260
transport layer, 25–27
updates for ICND1 exam, 595–596
TDM (time-division multiplexing), 82
upgrading images into Flash memory,
telcos, 76, 85
420–423
CO, 77
URL (Uniform Resource Locator), 150
demarc, 78
user EXEC mode, 210, 244–245
local loop, 515
usernames, configuring on Cisco Catalyst
PSTN, 514
switches, 239–242
telnet
utilities, network layer, 121
CLI, accessing, 208
ARP, 122–123
commands, 487
DHCP, 123–125
resuming suspended sessions, 490
DNS, 122
suspending, 487–489
ping, 125
Tera Term Pro software package, 207
UTP (unshielded twisted pair) cabling, 45, 52
terminal emulators, Tera Term Pro, 207
pin positions, 53
testing network connectivity with extended
RJ-45 connectors, 53
ping command, 444–446
threats
to Enterprise networks, 155–156
to WLAN security, 320–321
TIA (Telecommunications Industry
Association), 79
640
VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) field (ATM)
V
packet-switched
Frame Relay, 87–90
VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) field (ATM),
scaling benefits, 86–87
526
packet-switching, 86
VCs (virtual circuits), 89–90
physical connectivity connectors, 78
verifying
point-to-point
CDP operations, 282
demarc, 78
RIP-2 configuration, 458–466
devices, legal ownership of, 78
WLAN configuration, 319–320
HDLC, configuring, 542–545
VLAN (virtual LAN), 187–188
Layer 1 operation, 74
configuring on Cisco Catalyst switches,
Layer 2, 83–85
256–259
link speeds, 82
VoIP (Voice over IP), 147
physical connectivity, 78
QoS, need for, 148
PPP, configuring, 545–546
VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) field (ATM), 526
speed-testing websites, 525
VPN (virtual private network), 161–162
switched circuits, 518
vulnerabilities
telcos, 516
of Enterprise networks, 155–156
local loop, 515
of WLANs, 320–321
PSTN, 514
war drivers, 320
W
web browsers, 149
web page objects, 152
WAN (wide-area network)
web servers, 149
analog modems, 517–519
websites, IP address conversion, 349
demodulation, 517
well-known port numbers, 137
ATM, 525
for TCP/IP applications, 139
cells, 526
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy), 322
PVCs, 526
enhancements to, 324
SAR, 527
wildcard bits, 365
building for practice lab, 81
windowing, 141
cable Internet, 523
wireless clients, configuring, 318
head-end, 524
wizards, SDM Ethernet wizard
line speeds, 524
DHCP, configuring on Internet access
cabling
router, 550
RJ-48 connectors, 79
Summary page, 553
serial cabling, 78–80
WLAN (wireless LAN)
circuit switching, 527
ad hoc, 305
comparing to LANs, 76
APs, 302
DSL, 519–520
configuring, 317–318
line speed, 522
rogue APs, 320
types of, 522
transmit power, 311
Internet access routers
BSS, 317
address assignment, 529–530
collisions, 314
default routes, 530–531
comparing with Ethernet LANs, 302
leased lines, 75
coverage area, 311
Metro E, 527–528
deploying, 315–320
packet switching, 527
encoding types, 309–310
ESS, 317
IEEE standards, 304
641
zero subnets
infrastructure mode, 305
service sets, 306–307
interference, 311
Layer 1 operation, 307–309
Layer 2 operation, 314–315
MAC address filtering, 324
nonoverlapping channels, 313
security
IEEE 802.11i, 325
issues, 320–321
SSID, 323–324
verifying configuration, 319–320
WEP, 322
enhancements to, 324
wireless clients, configuring, 318
WPA, 325
worms, 157
WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access), 325
WPA-2, 325
WWW (World Wide Web), 139, 149
DNS resolution, 150–152
HTTP, 152
URLs, 150
Z
ZCF (Zero Configuration Utility), 318
zero subnets, 360
feasibility of use, 360–361