ACCORDING TO THE PASSAGE, HOW DID LENNON AND MCCARTNEY ENHANCE THE...

44. According to the passage, how did Lennon and McCartney enhance the music of the group?

A. They struggled to reach stardom in the United States

B. They composed lyrics to scornful songs and ballads

C. Their music added distinctiveness to the Beatles’ repertoire

D. Their loneliness and sadness made their music popular

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to

indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 45 to 54.

The development of jazz can be seen as part of the larger continuum of American

popular music, especially dance music. In the twenties, jazz became the hottest new (3) thing

in dance music, much as ragtime had at the turn of the century, and as would rhythm and blues

in the fifties, rock in the fifties, and disco in the seventies.

But two characteristics distinguish jazz from other dance music. The first is

improvisation, the changing of a musical phrase according to the player's inspiration. Like all

artists, jazz musicians strive for an individual style, and the (8)improvise or paraphrased is a

jazz musician's main opportunity to display his or her individuality. In early jazz, musicians

often improvised melodies collectively, thus creating a kind of polyphony. There was little

soloing as such, although some New Orleans players, particularly cornet player Buddy Bolden,

achieved local fame for their ability to improvise a solo. Later the idea of the chorus-long or

multichorus solo took hold. Louis Armstrong's instrumental brilliance, demonstrated through

(14) extended solos, was a major influence in this development.

Even in the early twenties, however, some jazz bands had featured soloists. Similarly,

show orchestras and carnival bands often included one or two such "get-off" musicians.

Unimproved, completely structured jazz does exist, but the ability of (18) the best jazz

musicians to create music of great cohesion and beauty during performance has been a

hallmark of the music and its major source of inspiration and change.

The second distinguishing characteristic of jazz is a rhythmic drive that was initially

called "hot" and later "swing". In playing hot , a musician consciously departs from strict meter

to create a relaxed sense of phrasing that also emphasizes (24) the underlying

rhythms.("Rough" tone and use of moderate vibrato also contributed to a hot sound .) Not all

jazz is hot, however, many early bands played unadorned published arrangements of popular

songs. Still, the proclivity to play hot distinguished the jazz musician from other

instrumentalists.