C. THE AUTHOR IS CRITICAL OF UTILITARIANISM, BUT SHE ALSO INCLUDES...

1. c. The author is critical of utilitarianism, but she also includes evidence that it is a useful theory.LeGuin’s story, for example, shows how the sacrifice of one can create the happiness of many. Theauthor also notes that “many useful social policies and much legislation are founded on” utilitarian-ism, demonstrating that it is a useful ethical theory. The word choice throughout also indicates thatthe author feels that this ethical theory has both positive and negative aspects. For example, she calls it“problematic,” but not “wrongheaded” or “faulty.” She calls the problem of the suffering of the few forthe happiness of the many a “dilemma,” not a “flaw” or “failure.” She asks questions rather than mak-ing statements about the immorality of utilitarian choices. Choice ais incorrect because it simplystates a fact from the essay; it does not express an opinion. The author clearly states that “there are sev-eral serious problems with utilitarianism as a basis for morality,” so choice bis incorrect. Although thestatements in choices dand eare true and clearly stated in the text, these are specificcriticisms of utili-tarianism and do not sum upthe author’s opinion of this ethical theory.