WHAT SHOULD A DIVER DO WHEN ASCENDING

Câu 42:

What should a diver do when ascending?

A.

Relax completely

B.

Breathe helium

C.

Breathe faster

D.

Rise slowly

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the

correct answer to each of the questions that follow.

Music can bring us to tears or to our feet, drive us into battle or lull us to sleep. Music is indeed

remarkable in its power over all humankind, and perhaps for that very reason, no human culture on earth

has ever lived without it. From discoveries made in France and Slovenia, even Neanderthal man, as long

as 53,000 years ago, had developed surprisingly

sophisticated, sweet-sounding flutes carved from animal

bones. It is perhaps then, no accident that music should strike such a chord with the limbic system – an

ancient part of our brain, evolutionarily speaking, and one that we share with much of the animal

kingdom. Some researchers even propose that music came into this world long before the human race

ever did. For example, the fact that whale and human music have so much in common even though our

evolutionary paths have not intersected for nearly 60 million years suggests that music may predate

humans. They assert that rather than being the inventors of music, we are latecomers to the musical scene.

Humpback whale composers employ many of the same tricks that human songwriters do. In

addition to using similar rhythms, humpbacks keep musical phrases to a few seconds, creating themes out

of several phrases before singing the next one. Whale songs in general are no longer than symphony

movements, perhaps because they have a similar attention span. Even though

they

can sing over a range

of seven octaves, the whales typically sing in key, spreading adjacent notes no farther apart than a scale.

They mix percussive and pure tones in pretty much the same ratios as human composers – and follow

their ABA form, in which a theme is presented, elaborated on and then revisited in a slightly modified

form. Perhaps most amazing, humpback whale songs include repeating

refrains

that rhyme. It has been

suggested that whales might use rhymes for exactly the same reasons that we do: as devices to help them

remember. Whale songs can also be rather catchy. When a few humpbacks from the Indian Ocean strayed

into the Pacific, some of the whales they met there quickly changed their tunes – singing the new whales’

songs within three short years. Some scientists are even tempted to speculate that a universal music awaits

discovery.