……… 10. ………..C. READ THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE. FOR QUESTION 18, CIRCL...
9. ……… 10. ………..C. Read the following article. For question 18, circle the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text (2.4ms)TWO LANGUAGES GOOD,THREE LANGUAGES EVEN BETTERNineyearold Naomi Gray is like many British children in that when she gets home from school, she loves to lose herself in a Harry Porter book. What makes her different is that she will have chatted to her school friends in French on the bus home, and spent her day with them learning her lessons in Breton.Naomi is the daughter of Jane and Dug Gray, a translator and stonemason who live in Finistere, the heart of Celtic Brittany in northwest France. They have opted not to bring up their three children bilingually in French and English, but trilingually, by enrolling them in Brittany’s educational system, Diwan, whereby all lessons, bar English and French, are taught in Breton. Around 3,000 children in Brittany are educated via this immersion method that has played an important role in the revival of the Breton language.Jane admits that the decision was controversial: “Other British parents said: “How dare you do that? Don’t your children have enough to take on?”. But she had seen how quickly the girls absorbed French: “I felt sure they could take in another language”. The girl’s father, Dug, admits to being envious of their abilities. “After 16 years in France, I’m comfortable with the language, but the kids still pick me upon my pronunciation and grammar mistakes,” he says.It was once thought that forcing a child to learn more than one language could slow academic development but according to Professor Colin Baker, a world expert on bilingualism, the efect is opposite. The evidence is that bi and trilingualism actually increases mental capacity and that multilingual children tend to do better at school. “The latest research shows that in intelligence tests, children with two or more well developed languages have higher scores,” he says. “Bilingual children have two or more words for objects and ideas, so the link between words and concepts are looser, allowing more fluent, flexible and creative thinking.” He adds that children learning languages young also tend to have more confidence and better general communication skills.Professor Tony Cline is an educational psychologist specialising in language development in children. He says, “We used to think the brain had a limited capacity, like a milk bottle, and that it was impossible to pour two pints of milk into a pint bottle. Now we understand that our brains are capable of making an infinite number of connections; there is no limit to what we can take in.” He concedes that there might be minor disadvantages in having a bi or trilingual childhood: “The child sometimes applies the rules of one language to another, and so makes mistakes – but these grammatical “errors” are soon outgrown, as long as the child is exposed to good models of language.”It seems that by giving your child the option of becoming multilingual, you are offering them far more than just the acquisition of a foreign language. That certainly seems to be the case for the Gray girls. All three are getting top grades at school and are literate in three languages, Naomi has also successfully taken on German, where she is proof that bilingualism increases languagelearning aptitude. Says Prof Cline: “Multilingual children pick up other languages quickly because they have a more flexible approach and are used to handling different forms of syntax, grammar and vocabulary.”Jane thinks her daughters have gained more than just language; they have also gained culturally. In fact, the girls are all enthusiastic about Breton culture: Naomi does extracurricular Breton step dancing and loves singing in Breton and attending dance evenings known as festnoz while Nina takes part in Breton sport of Gouren, a form of Celtic wrestling. Says Prof Baker: “Multilingual children gain the benefits of multiple sets of literatures, traditions, ideas, ways of thinking and behaving.”And, he stresses, if parents have the opportunity to give their child the gift of another language, they should jump at it. Because in today’s global marketplace, on top of all the above, multilinguals are far more employable than monolinguals. “I find it a great shame that languages don’t have a higher place in the classroom in the UK because English is a mainstream language of business but, in the future, that is going to change.”