KAZAKOVA’S PERFORMANCE MADE HER THE HEROIN OF THE MOSCOW FILM FESTIV...
Câu 8: Kazakova’s performance made her the heroin of the Moscow Film Festival.
A. Kazakova’s
B. the heroin of
C. Film Festival
D. made
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C orD on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 9 to 15.
Urbanization degrades the environment, according to conventional wisdom. This view has led
many developing countries to
limit rural-urban migration and curb urban expansion. But this view is
incorrect. There are a number of reasons urbanization can be good for the environment, if managed
properly.
First, urbanization brings higher productivity because of its positive externalities and economies
of scale. Asian urban productivity is more than 5.5 times that of rural areas. The same output can be
produced using fewer resources with urban agglomeration than without. In this sense, urbanization
reduces the ecological footprint. The service sector requires urbanization because it needs a concentration
of clients. As services generally pollute less than manufacturing, this aspect of urbanization is also
beneficial to the environment.
Second, for any given population,
the high urban density is
benign
for the environment. The
urban economics literature shows that compactness is a key determinant of energy use. High density can
make public transport more viable and reduce the length of trips. Urban living encourages walking and
cycling rather than driving. Third, environment-friendly infrastructure and public services such as piped
water, sanitation, and waste management are much easier and more economical to construct, maintain,
and operate in an urban setting. Urbanization allows more people to have access to environment-friendly
facilities and services at affordable prices.
Fourth, urbanization drives innovation, including green technologies. In the long term,
environment-friendly equipment, machines, vehicles, and utilities will determine the future of the green
economy. Green innovations in Asia’s cities will be supported by the region’s vast market as the billions
of people who will be buying energy-efficient products will create opportunities and incentives for
entrepreneurs to invest in developing such products. Finally, the higher standard of living associated with
urbanization provides people with better food, education, housing, and health care. Urban growth
generates revenues that fund infrastructure projects, reducing congestion and improving public health.
Urbanization fosters a pro-environment stance among property owners and the middle class, which is
crucial for the introduction and enforcement of environmental laws and regulations.
Of course, urbanization also comes with costs. Millions of people are migrating to Asian cities and
companies are locating there to employ
them. Urban sprawl and industrial activities, such as power
generation, transportation, construction, garbage and waste disposal, harm the environment. An
assessment of the impact of urbanization on the environment must balance its benign and adverse effects.
(Source: https://www.asiapathways-adbi.org/)