KAZAKOVA’S PERFORMANCE MADE HER THE HEROIN OF THE MOSCOW FILM FESTIV...

Câu 8: Kazakova’s performance made her the heroin of the Moscow Film Festival.

A. Kazakova’s

B. the heroin of

C. Film Festival

D. made

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C orD on your answer sheet to indicate the

correct answer to each of the questions from 9 to 15.

Urbanization degrades the environment, according to conventional wisdom. This view has led

many developing countries to

limit rural-urban migration and curb urban expansion. But this view is

incorrect. There are a number of reasons urbanization can be good for the environment, if managed

properly.

First, urbanization brings higher productivity because of its positive externalities and economies

of scale. Asian urban productivity is more than 5.5 times that of rural areas. The same output can be

produced using fewer resources with urban agglomeration than without. In this sense, urbanization

reduces the ecological footprint. The service sector requires urbanization because it needs a concentration

of clients. As services generally pollute less than manufacturing, this aspect of urbanization is also

beneficial to the environment.

Second, for any given population,

the high urban density is

benign

for the environment. The

urban economics literature shows that compactness is a key determinant of energy use. High density can

make public transport more viable and reduce the length of trips. Urban living encourages walking and

cycling rather than driving. Third, environment-friendly infrastructure and public services such as piped

water, sanitation, and waste management are much easier and more economical to construct, maintain,

and operate in an urban setting. Urbanization allows more people to have access to environment-friendly

facilities and services at affordable prices.

Fourth, urbanization drives innovation, including green technologies. In the long term,

environment-friendly equipment, machines, vehicles, and utilities will determine the future of the green

economy. Green innovations in Asia’s cities will be supported by the region’s vast market as the billions

of people who will be buying energy-efficient products will create opportunities and incentives for

entrepreneurs to invest in developing such products. Finally, the higher standard of living associated with

urbanization provides people with better food, education, housing, and health care. Urban growth

generates revenues that fund infrastructure projects, reducing congestion and improving public health.

Urbanization fosters a pro-environment stance among property owners and the middle class, which is

crucial for the introduction and enforcement of environmental laws and regulations.

Of course, urbanization also comes with costs. Millions of people are migrating to Asian cities and

companies are locating there to employ

them. Urban sprawl and industrial activities, such as power

generation, transportation, construction, garbage and waste disposal, harm the environment. An

assessment of the impact of urbanization on the environment must balance its benign and adverse effects.

(Source: https://www.asiapathways-adbi.org/)