2002), semantic analysis (Xu et al., Hovy et al.,
between Q and S. However, as research in QA
2001; Moldovan et al, 2002), and reasoning
demonstrates, word-overlap is not a good enough
(Moldovan et al, 2002). They access external
metric for determining whether a sentence contains
resources such as the WordNet (Hovy et al., 2001,
the answer to a question. Consider, for example,
Pasca and Harabagiu, 2001, Prager et al., 2001),
the question “Who is the leader of France?” The
the web (Brill et al., 2001), structured, and semi-
sentence “Henri Hadjenberg, who is the leader of
structured databases (Katz et al., 2001; Lin, 2002;
France’s Jewish community, endorsed confronting
Clarke, 2001). They contain feedback loops,
the specter of the Vichy past” overlaps with all
ranking, and re-ranking modules. Given their
question terms, but it does not contain the correct
complexity, it is often difficult (and sometimes
answer; while the sentence “Bush later met with
French President Jacques Chirac” does not overlap
with any question term, but it does contain the
In Section 2, we first present the noisy-channel
correct answer.
model that we propose for this task. In Section 3,
To circumvent this limitation of word-based
we describe how we generate training examples. In
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