ACCORDING TO PARAGRAPH 3, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT TRUE

Câu 42: According to paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true?

A. Doctors are raising their fees.

B. Property prices are increasing.

C. Two salaries are needed to pay bills.

D. The cost of living is increasing.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to

indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Light pollution

Light pollution is an excessive, wasteful and

obstructive

light resulting from human

activities. It is mostly seen in densely-populated cities and industrialized areas. The pollution

includes the light used in factories and office buildings, commercial properties, streetlights,

illuminated sporting venues and infrastructure. As beneficial as the invention of light and the

development of industrialization have been to mankind,

their

secondary effect, light

pollution, is adverse in multiple ways.

The two main types of light pollution recognized by environmentalists are light that intrudes

on a natural setting and the use of disproportionate amount of light indoors. Light pollution

may also be defined according to very specific categories into light trespass, glare and clutter.

Light trespass happens when unwanted light enters someone’s property. For example,

a

neighbor

turns on a bright light in his yard and this light enters a neighbouring bedroom

window, causing sleep deprivation or obstructing an evening view. Glare is the extreme

contrast between light and dark areas such that the human eye has difficulty in adjusting.

Glare is not merely annoying, but bright lights on dark roads can obscure night vision for

motorists temporarily, with accidents sometimes being the result. Clutter is the presence of

numerous groups of lights. It may produce confusion and distract viewers. Badly designed

street lights and neon advertising signs come under this category.

Even a small amount of light pollution can have a negative influence on its surrounding. For

the novice astronomer, a little light can make it difficult to observe the night sky; this is the

reason observatories are located in areas where light emissions are forbidden. For the human

body, excessive light is detrimental.

Ailments such as headaches, fatigue, stress, high blood pressure and anxiety are common to

those who are constantly exposed to light. The effects of light pollution on animals are just

devastating. Birds that migrate to the south for the winter are disoriented by lights on tall

buildings, and they are sometimes attracted to these lights:

millions

die when they collide

with these buildings. Zooplankton is unable to rise to the surface of a water body to eat algae

because of bright light; the algae blooms overgrow, killing off other plants and destroying

the water quality. The circadian rhythm of reptiles, insects and other animals is affected

when light keeps them awake.

Although the United States government is aware of the problem, it has ben a challenge to

draw up and enforce lighting regulations for the entire country. Some cities have formulated

their own standards and solutions regarding outdoor lighting, but on the whole, the same

standards cannot be administered in every city. Some solutions include minimizing the use

of light, using timers to turn off lights automatically, utilizing the most pertinent types of

light, redesigning plans and using sodium light which emits a single wavelength of light that

is easier to filter.