RANK THE TOP M ANSWERS ACCORDING TO THE PROB-UATION IS COSTLY AND T...

7. Rank the top M answers according to the prob-

uation is costly and time-consuming, so we use au-

ability of the first word.

tomatic evaluation results, i.e., exact matching re-

sults and partial matching results, as a pseudo lower-

This approach is designed to extract only the most

highly probable answers. However, pin-pointing

bound and upper-bound of the performances. Inter-

estingly, the manual evaluation results of MRR and

only answers is not an easy task. To select the top

Top5 are nearly equal to the average between exact

five answers, it is necessary to loosen the condition

and partial evaluation.

for extracting answers. Therefore, in the execution

phase, we only give label O to a word if its probabil-

To confirm that the QBTE ranks potential answers

ity exceeds 99%, otherwise we give the second most

to the higher rank, we changed the number of para-

graphs retrieved from a large corpus from N =

probable label.

As a further relaxation, word sequences that in-