5.2 Better confidences
testing.
Even if no changes to the ranking are produced by
the Constraints process, then the mere act of valida-
In direct QA, when an A
NSWER S
ELECTION module
tion (or not) of existing answers can be used to ad-
generates two (or more) equivalent correct answers
just confidence scores. In TREC2002 (Voorhees,
to a question (e.g. “Ferdinand Marcos” vs. “Presi-
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